OCEAN POSSE 🪣 BUCKET LIST
OCEAN POSSE BUCKET LIST
For sailors, captains, skippers, seafarers, cruisers, and yacht enthusiasts, there are plenty of extraordinary bucket list items for sailors to push the boundaries and offer unique and memorable experiences of a lifetime
Sail the world: Embark on a journey, experiencing different cultures, climates, and breathtaking coastal landscapes.
Visit remote islands: Explore remote and exotic islands that are only accessible by boat, such as the Revelagios Islands, Cocos Island, Galapagos Islands, or Isla del Caño
Sail across an ocean: Set sail across one of the world’s major oceans, such as the Atlantic, Pacific, or crossing the caribben sea during the tradwinds.
Sail through famous waterways and sail through the Panama Canal: Experience the engineering marvel of the Panama Canal by sailing through its locks and traversing the waterway that connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
Navigate without modern technology: Challenge yourself to navigate using traditional methods like celestial navigation or dead reckoning.
Live aboard a sailboat: Spend an extended period living aboard a sailboat embracing the freedom and simplicity of life at sea.
Visit famous ports and marinas: Visit renowned ports like Cabo San Lucas, La Paz, Puerto Vallarta, Barra de Navidad, Zihuatanejo, Acapulco, Playa Cocos, Golfito a.m.o.
Dive or snorkel in a coral reef: Explore vibrant coral reefs around the world, such as the Belize Barrier Reef
Discover underwater wonders: Dive or snorkel in famous dive sites like the Blue Hole in Belize or the Great Blue Hole in Belize.
Sail and Explore the stunning Turks and Caicos Islands: with their pristine beaches, turquoise waters, and vibrant marine life.
Discover the picturesque and unique biodiversity of the Galapagos Islands, observing rare wildlife and exploring the pristine landscapes that inspired Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution.
Visit the Bay Islands Honduras: Discover the Bay Islands of Honduras, including Roatán, Utila, and Guanaja, renowned for their crystal-clear waters, coral reefs, and excellent diving opportunities.
Cruise the Costa Rican Coastline: Sail along the stunning coast of Costa Rica, exploring its national parks, wildlife-rich waters, and beautiful beaches.
Explore the San Blas Islands, Panama: Discover the untouched beauty of the San Blas Islands, an archipelago off the Caribbean coast of Panama, known for its white-sand beaches and vibrant indigenous culture.
Sail the Baja Peninsula, Mexico: Explore the stunning coastline of the Baja Peninsula in Mexico, starting from California and sailing down to places like Ensenada, La Paz, and Cabo San Lucas, known for their beautiful beaches, clear waters, and vibrant marine life.
Cruise the Sea of Cortez: Navigate the Sea of Cortez (Gulf of California), a UNESCO World Heritage Site, famous for its diverse marine life, including whales, dolphins, sea lions, and a variety of fish species.
Transit the Gulf of Tehuantepec: Cross the challenging waters of the Gulf of Tehuantepec, located between Mexico and Central America. It’s known for its strong winds and is a significant milestone for sailors.
Discover the Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica: Sail along the Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica’s largest gulf, which offers beautiful coastal landscapes, tranquil waters, and opportunities for wildlife spotting.
Explore the Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica: Venture into the Golfo Dulce, a stunning bay located on the southern Pacific coast of Costa Rica, known for its pristine rainforests, secluded beaches, and rich biodiversity.
Visit the Pearl Islands, Panama: Discover the Pearl Islands archipelago in Panama, made up of over 200 islands and known for its pristine beaches, clear waters, and excellent fishing and snorkeling opportunities.
Cruise the San Blas Islands, Panama: As mentioned earlier, sail through the San Blas Islands, an archipelago off the Caribbean coast of Panama, known for its white-sand beaches, turquoise waters, and vibrant indigenous culture.
Discover the Gulf of Chiriquí: The Gulf of Chiriquí, located in western Panama, offers pristine waters, remote islands, and an abundance of marine life. It’s an ideal destination for sailing, snorkeling, diving, and fishing. The gulf is known for its picturesque islands, such as Boca Chica and Isla Parida, with their beautiful beaches and coral reefs.
Visit Coiba Island, Panama: a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is the largest island in Central America and forms part of the Coiba National Park. The island is renowned for its rich biodiversity, including an underwater world teeming with marine life. Snorkeling and diving here offer opportunities to encounter vibrant coral reefs, sea turtles, sharks, and a variety of tropical fish species.
Wildlife Encounters: Both the Gulf of Chiriquí and Coiba Island provide opportunities for wildlife encounters. Keep an eye out for dolphins, whales (during migration seasons), and 1000+ bird species. Coiba Island is also home to diverse land animals, including the Coiba Island howler monkey, agoutis, and a variety of reptiles.
Sail alongside whales: Experience the awe-inspiring sight of whales in their natural habitat. Imagine the thrill of sailing alongside these majestic creatures, witnessing their breaching, tail slapping, or even hearing their songs.
Bioluminescent sailing: Venture into bioluminescent waters at night, where the water sparkles and glows with the light emitted by marine organisms. Witness the magical display as your boat leaves a trail of shimmering bioluminescence in its wake.
Sail to remote volcanic islands: Seek out remote volcanic islands such as the Galapagos Islands where you can explore unique ecosystems, witness volcanic landscapes, and encounter endemic wildlife.
Sailing through a gale: For the more adventurous sailors, sailing through a controlled wind event with experienced crew can provide an adrenaline-pumping experience while safely learning about extreme weather conditions.
Sail in The Papagayo winds: are a sailor’s admiralty stripes , offering strong and reliable offshore winds that create acelrated conditions for sailing, windsurfing, kitesurfing, and advanced water sports. These winds provide a thrilling and exhilarating experience as these winds blow consistently, primarily during the dry season from December to April. The Papagayo winds are known for their strength, with gusts often reaching speeds of 35 to 45 knots.
Beautiful Coastal Scenery: While enjoying the Papagayo winds, sailors can soak in the stunning coastal scenery of southenr NIcaragua and northern Costa Rica. Picture yourself sailing along pristine coastlines, palm-fringed beaches, and surrounded by lush tropical vegetation. It’s a feast for the eyes as you sail through this picturesque region.
ALTUN-HA 🇧🇿 BELIZE
Altun Ha 🇧🇿 BELIZE
HISTORY
Altun Ha is a rich, major ceremonial center occupied during the Classic Mayan period. The true name of the city is unknown. The name "Altun Ha", literally means "rockstone water" is a rough translation of the name of a nearby village.
It was an mayor link in the coastal trade routes, and had contact with Teotihuacan at an early time in Maya history.
Mounds covered by trees and vines, the remains of what was once a great city, spread out over more than 25 square miles at Altun Ha. Excavations have been concentrated in the central part of the city, with 275 structures in an area about of about one thousand yards square.
EARLY ALTUN HA
Altun Ha was settled long before the Classic Mayan as many as 2,000 years ago. For a Mayan City, the site is unusual. The soil is thin which may indicate that it was a traiding center rather than anagricultural community
Thirteen structures surround two main plazas at the site. The two tallest temples, Temple of the Sun God (the structure depicted on Belikin beer bottles) and Temple of the Masonry ALtars, rise 60 feet above the grassy plaza floor. Altun Ha covers an area of about 5 square miles and includes an extensive swamp north of the plazas. It's believed that up to 10,000 people lived here during the Classic period of Maya civilizatin, as late as A.D. 1000.
Perhpas Altun Ha's most famous Pendergast's discovery of a huge jade headed replica of Kinich Ahau, the Sun God, in 600 and was owned by an elderly priest. At the time of its discovery, this priceless relic was the largest of its type ever recorded in the Maya world - almost 6 inches tall and weighing nearly 10 pounds. On rare occasions this Kinich Ahau repllica is taken on exhibition tours.
LOCATION
LAMANAI 🇧🇿 BELIZE
Lamanai "submerged crocodile" in Yucatec May is a Mesoamerican archaeological site
It was a major city of the Maya civilization. The site is pre-Columbian, recorded by early Spanish missionaries, and documented over a millennium earlier in Maya inscriptions as Lam'an'ain.
Lamanai is renowned for its exceptionally long occupation spanning three millennia, beginning in the Early Preclassic Maya period and continuing through the Spanish and British Colonial periods, into the 20th century. 
Unlike most Classic-period sites in the southern Maya lowlands, Lamanai was not abandoned at the end of the 10th century
Lamanai was occupied as early as the 16th century BC. The site became a prominent centre in the Pre-Classic Period, from the 4th century BC through the 1st century CE. In 625 CE.
During the Spanish conquest of Yucatán Spanish friars established two Roman Catholic churches here, but a Maya revolt drove the Spanish out. 
Lamanai: The Ancient Mayan City of Submerged Crocodile
Introduction to Lamanai
Lamanai, one of the most significant and well-preserved Mayan archaeological sites in Belize, is a testament to the grandeur of ancient Maya civilization. The name "Lamanai" translates to "Submerged Crocodile," reflecting the site's deep connection with both the surrounding natural environment and the symbolism revered by the Maya. Located in the Orange Walk District, Lamanai is nestled on the banks of the New River Lagoon, providing a unique combination of archaeological wonders and lush tropical landscapes.
The History and Significance of Lamanai
Lamanai is one of the longest continuously occupied Mayan cities, with evidence of habitation dating back over 3,000 years, from around 1500 BCE to the 17th century CE. The site's extended occupation, which spans the Preclassic, Classic, and Postclassic periods, makes it an invaluable resource for understanding the development and evolution of Mayan society over time.
Unlike many other Mayan cities that were abandoned or diminished in significance after the collapse of the Classic Maya civilization around 900 CE, Lamanai continued to thrive. The city's strategic location along the New River facilitated trade and communication with other Mayan cities and cultures in the region, contributing to its resilience and longevity.
Lamanai's name, "Submerged Crocodile," is thought to be connected to the abundant crocodile population in the nearby waters and the site's ceremonial significance. The crocodile was a potent symbol in Mayan culture, representing the earth, fertility, and a connection to the underworld. This connection is reflected in the numerous crocodile motifs found in the site's architecture and artifacts.
The Layout and Architecture of Lamanai
Lamanai is spread over a vast area, with its core structures concentrated around a series of plazas connected by causeways. The city is notable for its monumental architecture, including temples, palaces, residential complexes, and ceremonial platforms. The site's architecture demonstrates the advanced engineering and construction techniques of the Maya, as well as their ability to integrate structures into the natural landscape.
- The Jaguar Temple (Structure N10-9)
- One of the most iconic structures at Lamanai is the Jaguar Temple, named for the jaguar masks that adorn its façade. This temple is believed to have been constructed during the Late Classic period (600-900 CE) and served as a ceremonial center. The temple's design features a stepped pyramid with a series of terraces leading to the summit, where rituals and offerings would have been conducted. The jaguar motifs, representing power and authority, highlight the temple's importance in the political and religious life of Lamanai.
- The High Temple (Structure N10-43)
- The High Temple, one of the tallest structures at Lamanai, stands at approximately 33 meters (108 feet) and offers a commanding view of the surrounding jungle and New River Lagoon. This temple, constructed during the Late Preclassic period (300 BCE - 250 CE), is a testament to the architectural prowess of the early Maya. The steep ascent to the temple's summit suggests that it was used for important religious ceremonies, possibly involving astronomical observations or offerings to the gods. Climbing to the top of the High Temple is a popular activity for visitors, providing a sense of the grandeur and scale of the ancient city.
- The Mask Temple (Structure N9-56)
- The Mask Temple, another prominent structure at Lamanai, is named for the large stucco masks that flank its central stairway. These masks, which depict the face of a Mayan ruler or deity, are among the most iconic and well-preserved examples of Mayan art at the site. The temple dates to the Early Classic period (250-600 CE) and reflects the Maya's sophisticated understanding of art, symbolism, and cosmology. The masks' intricate design and detailed craftsmanship provide insight into the religious and political significance of the temple within the Lamanai community.
- Residential and Ceremonial Complexes
- In addition to the monumental temples, Lamanai features several residential and ceremonial complexes that offer a glimpse into the daily life of the ancient Maya. These structures, which include plazas, ball courts, and residential platforms, were used for a variety of purposes, from religious ceremonies to communal gatherings. The ball courts, in particular, highlight the importance of the Mesoamerican ball game in Mayan culture, serving both as a sport and a ritualized form of conflict resolution.
- The Spanish Church and Colonial Influence
- One of the unique aspects of Lamanai is the presence of a 16th-century Spanish church, built during the early colonial period. The church, constructed by Spanish missionaries in an attempt to convert the local Maya population to Christianity, stands in stark contrast to the surrounding Mayan structures. The presence of the church and other colonial-era artifacts at Lamanai provides evidence of the interactions between the indigenous Maya and European colonizers. However, the resistance of the Maya to conversion and the eventual abandonment of the church by the Spanish highlight the resilience and cultural continuity of the Lamanai community.
Excavations and Discoveries
Archaeological work at Lamanai began in the early 20th century, but extensive excavations were carried out primarily in the latter half of the century. These excavations have revealed a wealth of information about the site's history, architecture, and the daily life of its inhabitants.
One of the most significant discoveries at Lamanai is the collection of crocodile effigies and other artifacts that reflect the site's symbolic connection to the reptile. These artifacts, which include pottery, jade, and stone carvings, provide insight into the religious beliefs and practices of the ancient Maya.
In addition to the crocodile motifs, archaeologists have uncovered a variety of artifacts that shed light on the trade networks, economy, and social structure of Lamanai. The discovery of ceramics, obsidian, and other trade goods suggests that Lamanai was a major hub in regional and long-distance trade routes, linking the city to other Mayan centers and Mesoamerican cultures.
Another notable discovery is the extensive burial sites found at Lamanai, which have provided valuable information about the mortuary practices, health, and social stratification of the ancient Maya. The burials, often accompanied by offerings of pottery, jewelry, and other goods, indicate the high status of certain individuals within the community and their connection to the religious and political elite.
The Natural Environment and Biodiversity
Lamanai's location along the New River Lagoon and within the lush rainforests of northern Belize provides a unique ecological setting that has remained largely undisturbed for centuries. The area's rich biodiversity, including its abundant birdlife, reptiles, and mammals, adds to the site's appeal for both archaeologists and nature enthusiasts.
The New River Lagoon, Belize's largest freshwater body, is home to a variety of wildlife, including crocodiles, turtles, and numerous fish species. The surrounding forests are inhabited by howler monkeys, jaguars, ocelots, and a diverse array of bird species, making Lamanai a popular destination for wildlife watching and eco-tourism.
The integration of Lamanai's architecture with its natural surroundings reflects the Maya's deep connection to the environment. The city's layout and construction demonstrate an understanding of the local topography, hydrology, and climate, allowing the Maya to build a sustainable and thriving community over millennia.
Visiting Lamanai
Lamanai is accessible primarily by boat, with the journey up the New River being an adventure in itself. The boat ride from Orange Walk Town to Lamanai offers visitors a chance to see the diverse wildlife and scenic landscapes of northern Belize. The approach to the site by river also provides a sense of the ancient Maya's reliance on waterways for transportation, trade, and communication.
Once at Lamanai, visitors can explore the site through a network of well-maintained trails that lead to the major structures and plazas. Guided tours are available, offering insight into the history, architecture, and cultural significance of the site. The site also features a visitor center with exhibits on the archaeology and history of Lamanai, as well as a small museum displaying artifacts uncovered during excavations.
Climbing the temples, particularly the High Temple and Jaguar Temple, is a popular activity for visitors, offering panoramic views of the surrounding jungle and lagoon. The experience of standing atop these ancient structures, surrounded by the sounds of the rainforest, provides a powerful connection to the history and spirituality of the Maya.
For those interested in birdwatching and wildlife, Lamanai offers a unique opportunity to see a variety of species in their natural habitat. The early morning and late afternoon are particularly good times for observing birds, including toucans, parrots, and herons, as well as other wildlife such as howler monkeys and iguanas.
Preservation and Conservation Efforts
Lamanai, like many other archaeological sites, faces challenges related to preservation and conservation. The tropical climate, with its high humidity and rainfall, can accelerate the deterioration of ancient structures and artifacts. In addition, the encroachment of modern development and agriculture poses a threat to the surrounding environment and the integrity of the site.
Efforts to preserve Lamanai are ongoing, with collaboration between the Belizean government, international organizations, and local communities. These efforts include the stabilization and restoration of structures, the protection of the surrounding rainforest, and the promotion of sustainable tourism practices. Education and community involvement are also key components of conservation efforts, ensuring that future generations can continue to learn from and enjoy this remarkable site
Actun Tunichil Muknal 🇧🇿 BELIZE
Actun Tunichil Muknal 
BELIZE
Actun Tunichil Muknal (the Cave of the Crystal Sepulchre), known as "ATM" is a cave in Belize, near San Ignacio and a Maya archaeological site that includes skeletons, ceramics, and stoneware.
The cave is located in the Tapir Mountain Nature Reserve. The main cave system is about 3 mi long and consists of a long river passage for approximately 2 mi which ends at an upstream sump. A series of upper prehistoric passages continues another mile past the sump through massive breakdown boulders and giant rooms. The cave can be exited through a tight squeeze ending in a giant sink hole collapse in the jungle.
"The Crystal Maiden" a skeleton of a 17-year-old boy possibly a sacrifice victim, whose bones have been calcified to a sparkling, crystallized appearance.
The ceramics at the site are significant partly because they are marked with "kill holes" (holes created to release spirits lurking within), which indicate that they were used for ceremonial purposes. Many of the Maya artifacts and remains are completely calcified to the cave floor. One artifact, named the "Monkey Pot", is one of just four of its type found in Central America.
The Maya also modified cave formations here, in some instances to create altars for the offerings, in others to create silhouettes of faces and animals or to project a shadow image into the cave. The cave is extensively decorated with cave formations in the upper passages.
Animal life in the cave includes a large population of bats, large freshwater crabs, crayfish, catfish and other tropical fish. Large invertebrates like amblypygi and various predatory spiders also inhabit the cave. Agouti and otters may also use the cave.
These and many other species are quite common in river caves of this size in Belize.
The Belize Tourism Board, in coordination with the Belize National Institute of Culture and History, Institute of Archaeology, has granted licenses to a small group of agents to conduct tours to this cave, in an attempt to balance its protection against tourist revenue.
REVILLAGIGEDO ISLANDS 🇲🇽 MEXICO PACIFIC
Revillagigedo Islands | SOCORRO ISLAND 🇲🇽 MEXICO PACIFIC
Archipelago in the Pacific Ocean, approximately 235 nm SSW of the tip of the Baja California peninsula and 300 nm WSW of Cape Corrientes off Mexico's Pacific Coast. The islands are administered by Colima state, Mexico. Covering an area of 320 square miles the archipelago consists of numerous volcanic islands.
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The largest, Socorro, which rises to an elevation of 3,707 feet (1,130 m), is 24 miles (39 km) long and 9 miles (14 km) wide. San Benedicto, 40 miles (64 km) north of Socorro, and Clarión, 250 miles (400 km) west of Socorro, are the two other large islands; small islands include Roca Partida, 60 miles (100 km) west of Socorro, and Roca Oneal, just off the northwestern coast of Socorro.
In 1957 an outpost was established on long-uninhabited Socorro, and trees were planted for timber and fruit. The expedition found about 8,000 sheep on the island, the residue of a temporary Australian settlement of the mid-1800s. The Revillagigedo Islands are rich in sulfur, fish, and guano.
In July 2016, the Revillagigedo Archipelago was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and in November 2017 they were declared to be a marine reserve and a national park of Mexico. Some of the volcanoes are active, with the last eruption of Volcán Bárcena in 1953, and Socorro in 1993. A small military airstrip exists on Socorro.
No evidence of human habitation on any of the islands exists before their discovery by Spanish explorers. Hernando de Grijalva and his crew discovered an uninhabited island on 19 December 1533, and named it Santo Tomás (Socorro Island) and on 28 December they discovered Isla de los Inocentes (San Benedicto) which owed its name to having been found on the day of the Holy Innocents.
In November 1542, Ruy López de Villalobos, while exploring new routes across the Pacific, rediscovered Inocentes and Santo Tomás and charted the latter as Anublada ("Cloudy"). Villalobos was the first to report sighting of Roca Partida Island giving it its present-day name. In 1608, Martín Yánez de Armida, in charge of another expedition, visited Anublada and changed its name to Socorro. In 1779 José Camacho was the first to report sighting of the island remaining, that he charted as Santa Rosa ("Saint Rose"). Santa Rosa was later renamed Clarion after the vessel commanded by Henry Gyzelaar at that time.
They offer divers reliable encounters with giant manta rays, whale sharks, dolphins, humpback whales, tuna, pelagic fish and many other shark species.
The Revillagigedo Islands are home to many endemic plant and animal species, and are sometimes called Mexico's "little Hawaii". They are recognized as a distinct terrestrial ecoregion, part of the Neotropical realm. Socorro is the most diverse in flora, fauna, and topography. The Mexican Government established the islands as a Biosphere Reserve on June 4, 1994. Oceanographic Magazine stated in 2020 that, "Its remoteness, protection and peculiar oceanography makes it one of the most biodiverse and exciting marine destinations on earth."
Apart from the native birds, migrant shorebirds and others are often found on the islands. Bahia Azufre (Sulfur Bay) on Clarión seems to be a favorite stopover location, as it is one of the few longer stretches of beach in the islands; mostly, the shoreline is steep cliffs. The archipelago is also a part of wintering grounds for humpback whales in the North Pacific.
Las Grutas Cacahuamilpa 🇲🇽 Guerrero, MEXICO
Las Grutas Cacahuamilpa 🇲🇽 Guerrero, MEXICO
16°51.0616' N 099°48.495' W
The Grutas de Cacahuamilpa National Park in Guerrero, Mexico, is best known for the Grutas de Cacahuamilpa Caverns, which are one of the largest cave systems in the world. It is also home to the Grutas of Carlos Pacheco, a smaller system, as well as two subterranean rivers which have carved out tunnels in the rock. The park has outdoor pursuit attractions such as rappelling, and rock climbing in Limontitla Canyon as well as the two underground rivers to explore. It also has a small botanical garden, a pool and places to camp. It's near Taxco.
The site is located in the Sierra Madre del Sur mountains in the northeast part of Guerrero state. This section of the Sierra Madre del Sur is made of rock, mostly limestone, which formed under oceans millions of years ago. The caverns extend through the municipalities of Pilcaya, Tetipac and Taxco of Guerrero state over 2,700 hectares of land located southwest of Mexico City, near the silversmithing town of Taxco.
Cacahuamilpa is one of the largest cave systems in the world. A "live" cave system as groundwater still filters down into it, and that the formations there are still growing. Inside the cavern system are ninety large "salons" separated by large natural rock walls and connected to one another via a central gallery. Only about twenty of these are fully explored and open to the public. Most of these salons are located under the Cerro de la Corona, a limestone mountain ridge.
These salons average about forty meters wide, and vary in height from twenty to 81 meters. Most have names which reflect the major formations found in them such as the Goat Salon, the Throne Salon and the Cathedral Salon. All the openings numerous rock formations growing from both the ceiling and the floor. One of the drier salons has been dubbed the “Auditorium”. It has a large flat floor and has been outfitted with seats.
LOCATION
Visiting Las Grutas de Cacahuamilpa, one of the largest cave systems in the world located in the state of Guerrero, Mexico, can be a thrilling and educational experience. Here are some tips to help you plan your visit:
Planning Your Visit
- Best Time to Visit:
- The caves are open year-round, but the best time to visit is during the dry season (November to April) when the weather is more pleasant and the roads are in better condition.
- Getting There:
- By Car: Las Grutas de Cacahuamilpa is about 2 hours from Mexico City. You can take the Autopista del Sol (Highway 95) towards Cuernavaca and then follow the signs to the caves.
- By Bus: Buses run from Mexico City’s southern bus terminal (Terminal de Autobuses del Sur) to Taxco or directly to the caves. From Taxco, you can take a local bus or taxi to the caves.
- Entrance Fees:
- There is an entrance fee to visit the caves. The fee typically includes a guided tour. Check the official website or local tourism offices for the most up-to-date prices.
What to Bring
- Comfortable Shoes: The tour involves a lot of walking on uneven terrain.
- Light Jacket: The temperature inside the caves is cooler than outside.
- Water: Stay hydrated, but note that food and drinks are usually not allowed inside the caves.
- Camera: Photography is allowed, but flash photography may be restricted to preserve the cave's natural environment.
During Your Visit
- Guided Tour:
- Most visits are conducted as guided tours, which last about 2 hours. The guides are knowledgeable and can provide interesting information about the history and geology of the caves.
- Highlights to See:
- Stalactites and Stalagmites: These impressive formations are a major draw.
- The Salon del Luchador: A chamber named for its rock formations that resemble a wrestler.
- The Cathedral: A vast chamber often used for concerts due to its excellent acoustics.
- Safety Tips:
- Stay with your group during the tour.
- Watch your step as the ground can be slippery.
- Follow the guide's instructions at all times.
Nearby Attractions
- Taxco: The nearby town of Taxco is famous for its silver jewelry and colonial architecture. It’s worth spending a day exploring this charming town.
- Parque Nacional Grutas de Cacahuamilpa: The surrounding national park offers hiking trails and picnic areas for a day out in nature.
By planning ahead and knowing what to expect, you can make the most of your visit to Las Grutas de Cacahuamilpa and enjoy this natural wonder to its fullest
Sierra de San Francisco Murals 🇲🇽 Mexico
Rock Paintings of the Sierra de San Francisco 🇲🇽 BAJA CALIFORNIA Mexico
From c. 100 B.C. to A.D. 1300, the Sierra de San Francisco (in the El Vizcaino reserve, in Baja California) was home to a people who have now disappeared but who left one of the most outstanding collections of rock paintings in the world. They are remarkably well-preserved because of the dry climate and the inaccessibility of the site.
The central part of Baja California peninsula is a region of Mexico that concentrates one of the most extraordinary repertoires of rock art in the country, the Rock Paintings of the Sierra de San Francisco. The region is insular-like and kept the native peoples relatively isolated from continental influences, allowing the development of local cultural complex. One of the most significant features of the peninsular prehistory is the mass production of rock art since ancient times and the development of rock art tradition of the Great Murals.
The Sierra de San Francisco is the mountain range which concentrates the most spectacular and best preserved Great Mural sites, scale wise one of the largest prehistoric rock art sites in the world. Hundreds of rock shelters, and sometimes huge panels with hundreds and even thousands of brightly painted figures, are found in a good state of conservation. The style is essentially realistic and is dominated by depictions of human figures and marine and terrestrial fauna, designed in red, black, white and yellow, which illustrate the relationship between humans and their environment, and reveal a highly sophisticated culture. The paintings are found on both the walls and roofs of rock shelters in the sides of ravines that are difficult of access. Those in the San Francisco area are divided into four main groups – Guadalupe, Santa Teresa, San Gregorio and Cerritos. The most important sites are Cueva del Batequì, Cueva de la Navidad, Cerro de Santa Marta, Cueva de la Soledad, Cueva de las Flechas and Grutas del Brinco.
The landscape of the area is another significant attribute, understood as the extensive physical space in which, through rock art, the thoughts of their early dwellers, hunter-gatherers people who living here from the terminal Pleistocene (10,000 BP) until the arrival of Jesuit missionaries in the late seventeenth century, are expressed.
North of San Ignacio lies a mountain wilderness, the deeply eroded remains of layer upon layer of volcanic outpourings. This rugged mass rises from the surrounding desert to heights of more than 5,000 feet and covers an area 35 miles from north to south and half of that from east to west. From its uplands, there are views west to Scammon’s Lagoon and the Vizcaíno Desert, northwest to the even taller Sierra de San Borja, and east to the abrupt eminences of Las Tres Vírgenes, taller and more recent volcanos that tower in front of the Gulf. The sierra embraces a world that would never be suspected from the low, barren lands outside. Groves of palms and pools of water are set between walls of vertical grandeur water-carved from rich-colored rock. A few ranches, built by rustic and hospitable people, nestle near the few water sources. Here also are the grandest reminders of the Painters, corridors decorated by their hands and haunted by their spirits.
Showing human figures and many animal species and illustrating the relationship between humans and their environment, the paintings reveal a highly sophisticated culture. Their composition and size, as well as the precision of the outlines and the variety of colors, but especially the number of sites, make this an impressive testimony to a unique artistic tradition.
Cultural traditions, with roots back to the XVIII century, persist and the Sierra has a strong social value in the role that culture plays in the preservation of the traditional links between mountain communities and the South Californians and Mexicans in general.
Integrity
The Rock Paintings of the Sierra de San Francisco encompass an area of 183, 956 ha, where more than 400 sites have been recorded, the most important of them within the reserve, near San Francisco and Mulege, over 250 in all. The inscribed property contains an exceptional repertoire of rock art that convey its Outstanding Universal Value. The sites have remained virtually intact and still have a good state of conservation. The integrity of rock painting sites and their surroundings has been maintained largely due to the situation of isolation and the low population density that prevails in the region.
Protection and management requirements
The Rock Paintings of the Sierra de San Francisco are protected by the 1972 Federal Law on Historic, Archaeological and Artistic Monuments and Zones and fall under the protective and research jurisdiction of National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH). In addition, the property is entirely within the Vizcaino Biosphere Reserve; which grants it with additional protection. The Management Plan has been in operation since 1994 and has proved a successful strategy in the administration of cultural resources of the property. This model emphasizes the importance of defining the meaning of this heritage site, so that all management strategies are consistently directed toward the preservation of the values that make it important. Another key feature is the total involvement of all those groups that have an interest in the area under discussion. The Management Plan focuses on issues such as mitigation of the impact of visitors on sites and control and monitor of access. Some measures included the installation of reversible infrastructure in seven of the most visited rock painting sites and the definition of authorized access paths, the areas open to the public or restricted, and four levels of access for tourists. This system allows visitors to experience a wide range of sites and at the same time protects the majority of those who are very well preserved. In this sense the most popular sites have remained open under this Management Plan. Threats remain that have to be addressed, including those derived from the proposals to construct roads within the protected area which would jeopardize the existing integrity between the landscape and the rock art sites.
The medium and long term management expectations include obtaining additional legal protection through the presidential declaration of the area; allocating permanent custodian positions to improve monitoring, enhance the administrative and technological infrastructure of Sierra de San Francisco Information Unit located in San Ignacio town, capacity building for the custodians and guides and improvement of low-impact infrastructure for services.
more at https://www.bradshawfoundation.com/baja/great_mural_styles/index.php
JOIN THE OCEAN POSSE TO CRUISE AND SAIL 🇲🇽 THE SEA OF CORTES
Introduction
Nestled in the heart of Baja California, Mexico, the Sierra de San Francisco is home to some of the most remarkable and enigmatic prehistoric rock art in the world. The murals of Sierra de San Francisco, created by the ancient Cochimi people, offer a captivating glimpse into the region’s rich cultural history and prehistoric life. These murals are not just artistic expressions but are also a testament to the spiritual and social fabric of the ancient inhabitants.
Historical Background
The rock art of Sierra de San Francisco dates back to at least 1,000 BCE and continued to be created until the arrival of Europeans in the 18th century. The Cochimi, who were hunter-gatherers, are believed to have created these murals as part of their spiritual and social rituals. The Sierra de San Francisco murals were first brought to wider attention by European explorers in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
In 1989, UNESCO recognized the cultural significance of these murals by designating them a World Heritage Site. This designation has helped protect the site and promote it as an essential destination for historians, archaeologists, and travelers alike.
Geographical Setting
The Sierra de San Francisco is part of the Baja California Peninsula’s central mountain range. This rugged and remote area is characterized by steep canyons, dramatic cliffs, and arid desert landscapes. The isolation of the region has helped preserve the murals in a relatively untouched state, offering an authentic glimpse into the ancient world.
The rock art is located in numerous caves and rock shelters scattered throughout the region. Accessing these sites often requires a challenging journey by foot or mule, adding to the sense of adventure and discovery for visitors.
Artistic and Cultural Significance
The murals of Sierra de San Francisco are renowned for their size, complexity, and vivid colors. They depict a variety of subjects, including human figures, animals, and abstract symbols. The human figures are often shown in dynamic poses, engaging in activities such as hunting, dancing, and ritual ceremonies. Animals such as deer, rabbits, mountain lions, and birds are also frequently depicted, reflecting their importance in the daily life and spiritual beliefs of the Cochimi.
The use of color in these murals is particularly striking. The artists employed natural pigments derived from minerals and plants to create red, black, white, and yellow hues. These colors have remained remarkably vibrant over the millennia, a testament to the skill and knowledge of the ancient artists.
The murals are more than mere decorations; they are believed to have held significant spiritual and ceremonial importance. Many researchers suggest that the art was created as part of religious rituals, possibly to ensure successful hunts, invoke protection, or celebrate important community events.
Key Sites and Murals
Several key sites within the Sierra de San Francisco stand out for their exceptional rock art. Here are some of the most notable:
- Cueva del Ratón: This cave is one of the most accessible and well-known sites in the Sierra de San Francisco. The murals here depict a variety of human and animal figures in vivid colors, with some scenes showing groups of people engaged in what appears to be a ritual dance. The sheer scale and detail of the artwork make it a must-see for visitors.
- Cueva Pintada: Known as the “Painted Cave,” this site contains some of the most intricate and detailed murals in the region. The artwork here features large human figures adorned with headdresses and intricate patterns, suggesting a high degree of social and ceremonial importance.
- Cueva de las Flechas: This site is famous for its depiction of hunting scenes. The murals show human figures armed with bows and arrows, hunting deer and other animals. The dynamic poses and detailed rendering of the figures provide a fascinating insight into the hunting practices of the ancient Cochimi.
- Cueva de San Borjitas: This cave contains some of the oldest known murals in the region, with some estimates dating the artwork to around 7,500 years old. The murals here are notable for their abstract designs and symbols, which continue to intrigue researchers and archaeologists.
Preservation and Conservation
Preserving the Sierra de San Francisco murals is a critical concern for both the Mexican government and international organizations. The remote location of the murals has helped shield them from much of the damage caused by human activity, but they are still vulnerable to natural erosion and the impact of increasing tourism.
Efforts to protect the murals include restricting access to certain sites, providing guided tours to minimize damage, and educating visitors about the cultural and historical significance of the art. Local guides, often descendants of the Cochimi people, play a vital role in these conservation efforts by sharing their knowledge and fostering a deeper appreciation for the murals.
UNESCO’s designation of the area as a World Heritage Site has also been instrumental in securing funding and support for ongoing preservation efforts. These initiatives aim to ensure that the murals remain a source of cultural and historical knowledge for future generations.
Visitor Experience
Visiting the Sierra de San Francisco murals is a unique and rewarding experience, combining the thrill of exploration with the opportunity to connect with ancient history. The journey to the murals often involves traveling by mule or on foot through rugged terrain, offering a sense of adventure and a chance to appreciate the stunning natural beauty of the region.
Local guides provide invaluable insights into the history and significance of the murals, enhancing the visitor experience with stories and explanations that bring the artwork to life. Many tours also include visits to traditional Cochimi settlements, allowing visitors to gain a deeper understanding of the region’s cultural heritage.
The Future of the Sierra de San Francisco Murals
The future of the Sierra de San Francisco murals depends on a delicate balance between preserving these ancient treasures and promoting them as a cultural and tourist attraction. Sustainable tourism practices, ongoing conservation efforts, and increased awareness of the murals’ significance are all crucial to ensuring their survival.
As researchers continue to study the murals, new discoveries and insights are likely to emerge, further enriching our understanding of the ancient Cochimi people and their world. The murals of Sierra de San Francisco stand as a testament to human creativity and resilience, offering a window into a distant past that continues to inspire and captivate those who visit.
THE JOURNEY TO GET THERE – STAY AT PUERTO ESCONDIDO MARINA IN THE SEA OF CORTEZ
The journey to see the murals is an adventure in itself, offering stunning natural landscapes and a deep connection to the past. Through ongoing preservation efforts and sustainable tourism practices, we can ensure that these ancient masterpieces remain a source of wonder and inspiration for generations to come. The murals of Sierra de San Francisco are not just a testament to a lost civilization but a celebration of human creativity and the enduring power of art to transcend time.
🇲🇽 ISLA ISABELLA
🇲🇽 ISLA ISABELLA
Isla Isabella, Isla Isabel National Park is a national park and protected area located off the coast of Nayarit .
It was one Jacques Cousteau’s favorite places and that Cousteau himself made the recommendation to the
Mexican government to designate this island as a National Park.
He spent a great deal of time here and has aired many specials on this fabulous gem.
The Undersea World of Jacques Cousteau aired in 1975
The park was established in 1980 and is approximately 1.94 square kilometers and offers 2 anchorages to access the park.
Isla Isabel is one of the main nesting islands for seabirds in the Pacific, including large colonies of Magnificent Frigate birds over 11,000 Fregata magnificens , Blue-footed Boobies Sula nebouxii, Brown Boobies Sula leucogaster and Sooty Terns Sterna fuscata. Marine life is rich, with over 24 shark and ray species, three species of sea turtles, the California Sea Lion Zalophus californianus, Humpback Whale Megaptera novaeangliae and Killer Whale Orcinus orca. The island is uninhabited, though there is a seabird reproductive research program run by UNAM and tourists visit to camp, fish and bird watch. After having depleted a huge colony of Sooty Terns, which in 1978 had over 150,000 pairs, cats were finally eradicated from the island in 1995 and the Terns are slowly recovering.
ISLA ISABELLA, NAYARIT, MEXICO ANCHORAGES
It is a breeding ground for Frigate Birds
NESTING
SUMIDERO CANYON 🇲🇽 MEXICO
Sumidero Canyon 🇲🇽 Cañón del Sumidero MEXICO
is a a deep natural canyon located just north of the city of Chiapa de Corzo in the state of Chiapas, in southern Mexico. The canyon's creation began around the same time as the Grand Canyon in the U.S. state of Arizona, by a crack in the area's crust and subsequent erosion by the Grijalva River, which still runs through it.
Sumidero Canyon has vertical walls which reach 3,300 ft with the river turning up to 90 degrees during the 13-kilometre (8.1 mi) length of the narrow passage.
The canyon is surrounded by the Sumidero Canyon National Park, a federally protected natural area of Mexico which extends 53.000 acres.
At the north end of the canyon is the Chicoasén Dam opened in 1980
and its artificial reservoir, one of several on the Grijalva River, which is important for water storage and the generation of hydroelectric power in the region.
The dam's power plant, officially named for Manuel Moreno Torres, contains 5 x 300 MW, 3 x 310 MW Francis turbine-generators.
The canyon and national park is the second most important tourist site in Chiapas. The park borders Tuxtla Gutiérrez the regional capital city, which has caused problems with human encroachment and settlement on park land.
LOCATION
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Visiting Cañón del Sumidero in Chiapas, Mexico, is an exciting adventure that offers stunning natural beauty, rich wildlife, and various outdoor activities. Here’s a comprehensive guide to help you plan your visit:
Planning Your Visit
- Best Time to Visit:
- The best time to visit Cañón del Sumidero is during the dry season, from November to April. This period offers the best weather for outdoor activities and sightseeing.
- Getting There:
- By Air: The nearest airport is Ángel Albino Corzo International Airport (TGZ) in Tuxtla Gutiérrez, the capital of Chiapas.
- By Car: From Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Cañón del Sumidero is about a 20-minute drive. You can rent a car or hire a taxi.
- By Bus: Buses and colectivos (shared taxis) are available from Tuxtla Gutiérrez to Chiapa de Corzo, the gateway to the canyon.
What to Bring
- Comfortable Clothing: Wear light, breathable clothing suitable for outdoor activities.
- Sturdy Shoes: Good hiking shoes or sandals with grip are essential for walking on uneven terrain.
- Water and Snacks: Stay hydrated and bring snacks for energy.
- Sun Protection: Bring a hat, sunglasses, and sunscreen to protect yourself from the sun.
- Camera: Capture the breathtaking views and wildlife.
Activities and Highlights
- Boat Tour:
- The most popular way to explore the canyon is by taking a boat tour on the Grijalva River. Tours typically last about 2-3 hours and offer stunning views of the canyon walls, wildlife (including crocodiles, monkeys, and various bird species), and waterfalls.
- Viewpoints:
- There are several viewpoints (miradores) along the rim of the canyon, offering panoramic views. The main viewpoints
🇲🇽 LA RUTA DEL CAFE
🇲🇽 LA RUTA DEL CAFE, TAPACHULA, CHIAPAS, MEXICO
To head out on this day trip leave early from marina Chiapas with Miguel Angel of Discovery Tours+52 962 133 6820 toursdiscoverchiapas@hotmail.com
The coffee production in Mexico is the world's 8th largest and is mainly concentrated to the south central to southern regions of the country. The coffee is mainly Arabica, and lately Robusta which grows particularly well in the coastal region of Soconusco, Chiapas, near the border of Guatemala.
At the end of the 18th century, coffee came to Mexico from the Antilles, but was not exported in great quantities until the 1870s. During the 1980s, coffee became the country's most valuable export crop. Today Mexico is the largest source of U.S. coffee imports.
The Highlands
Once a coffee plant is mature, it will produce flowers; this normally happens shortly after heavy rainfall. And then, after the flowers, comes the cherries.
Traditional coffee drying in the HIGHLANDS
Selectively picked
Only the ripe cherries are harvested and they are picked individually by hand. Pickers rotate among the trees every eight to ten days, choosing only the cherries which are at the peak of ripeness. It usually takes two to four years after planting for a coffee plant to produce coffee beans that are ripe enough to harvest. The plant eventually grows small white blossoms that drop and are replaced by green berries. These green berries will become a deep red color as they ripen. It takes about 9 months for the green cherries to reach their deepest red color. Because this kind of harvest is labor-intensive, and thus more costly, it is used primarily to harvest the finer arabica beans.
Workers sorting and pulping coffee beans in Guatemala
The laborers who pick coffee by hand receive payment by the basketful. As of 2003, payment per basket is between US$1.00 to $10 with the overwhelming majority of the laborers receiving payment at the lower end. An experienced coffee picker can collect up to six or seven baskets a day. Depending on the grower, coffee pickers are sometimes specifically instructed to not pick green coffee berries since the seeds in the berries are not fully formed or mature. This discernment typically only occurs with growers who harvest for higher end/specialty coffee where the pickers are paid better for their labor. Lots including unripe coffee fruit are often used to produce cheaper mass consumer coffee beans, which are characterized by a displeasingly bitter/astringent flavor and a sharp odor. Red berries, with their higher aromatic oil and lower organic acid content, are more fragrant, smooth, and mellow. As such, coffee picking is one of the most important stages in coffee production.
FINCA HAMBURGO >>
The sun rises over the Chiapas mountains and the jungle around the Tacaná volcano awake. The area of the Soconusco heights was totally wild, unknown and without having been explored before by man. There are no pyramids or ruins of ancient civilizations. 1,151km away, the world was very different and contrasting. President Porfirio Díaz was in the National Palace of Mexico City working on major structural reforms for the country, with the aim of developing and innovating the country's economy. Díaz had a vision of a prosperous Mexico and was not satisfied with the way companies of that time performed. For this reason, he decided to invite entrepreneurs from then first world economies which he aspired for Mexico to advance. These invitations were sent mainly through embassies and churches, which were answered by Italians, French, English and Germans, to name a few.
One cold January morning, Arthur Erich Edelmann, his wife Doris, and seven other colleagues set sail from Hamburg, Germany, all from Perleberg, a small town an hour and a half from Berlin. Erich had a coffee machinery factory in his hometown, owned by his family, which was facing financial problems at the time it received the invitation from the Mexican government. What did you feel when you read that letter? What would you have thought to take a risk, abandon your business, your city, your people, your country, your language to start from scratch in a place so far away, so different in culture, language, nature and climate? A place that seemed like a different world. That is a story that we do not know and perhaps we never will.
Erich traveled for three weeks across the Atlantic until he arrived at the Port of Veracruz, where he took a horse-driven cart with his people to go to Soconusco, Chiapas. To the wild and untouched lands that he and his family would call home.
Before arriving in Mexico, we suppose that Erich had to have read all the information available about Chiapas, about Mexico and specialized in its culture, its people, language, nature, its history. However, there was nothing that could have prepared him for the intensity of his new life.
Erich, Doris and their people arrived in Huixtla, a small village with some houses built in adobe and palm trees, inhabited by friendly indigenous families who gave them the mules and human capital necessary to reach their final destination. From there, it took them another 8 hours to be able to transport along the newly created dirt roads, which looked like tunnels through the dense jungle. On their way they could observe the Tacaná, a volcano whose eruptions transformed the land around it into a fertile paradise.
With the help of workers from San Cristóbal, San Juan Chamula and Guatemala, Erich and his team of architects and engineers began to harmonize the land, build the first houses for the workers, the mill, roads. Erich and Doris lived for 11 years in one of these simple houses, couldn't afford a bigger house, not yet. The priority was to prepare the land, build all the necessary infrastructure to work, keep people working, provide money and work, houses and food. The priority was its people, the priority was coffee.
They put a lot of work into investing in this long-term project, so far from home, a lot of determination and hope, a great risk and a gamble. All that work, all those years, until finally: the first harvest and the start of Finca Hamburgo.
- RESERVATIONS
Ulises Hidalgo962 153 2916962 153 2916OFFICE
Monday to Friday: 9 am - 2.30 pm and 6 pm - 9 pm.
Saturday: 9 - 13 hrs.
962 625 1812962 626 7578sales@fincahamburgo.comSALE OF GREEN COFFEE
Tomas Bruno Edelmann
tbruno@fincahamburgo.comLisa Edelmann
lisaedelmann@fincahamburgo.com962 234 5076
FINCA Argovia >>
This exemplary coffee Resort Located in the Sierra Madre of Chiapas with More than 130 years of history and culminates as a cultural and extremly worthwile experience
Argovia is a partner and initiator of the Coffee route in Chiapas, with cabins, outdoor pool, Spa, Restaurant, bar, Event areas and tours.
Grading is the process of categorizing coffee beans by various criteria such as size of the bean, where and at what altitude it was grown, how it was prepared and picked, and how good it tastes (cup quality). Coffees also may be graded by the number of imperfections (broken, under-ripe, or otherwise defective beans; pebbles; sticks; etc.) per sample. For the finest coffees, origin of the beans (farm or estate, region, cooperative) is especially important. Growers of premium estate or cooperative coffees may impose a level of quality control that goes well beyond conventionally defined grading criteria, as this allows their coffee to command the higher price that goes with recognition of consistent quality.
Wet process
In the 'Wet process', the fruit covering the seeds/beans is removed before they are dried. Coffee processed by the wet method is called wet processed or washed coffee. The wet method requires the use of specific equipment and substantial quantities of water.
The coffee cherries are sorted by immersion in water. Bad or unripe fruit will float and the good ripe fruit will sink. The skin of the cherry and some of the pulp is removed by pressing the fruit by machine in water through a screen. The bean will still have a significant amount of the pulp clinging to it that needs to be removed. This is done either by the classic ferment-and-wash method or a newer procedure variously called machine-assisted wet processing, aquapulping or mechanical demucilaging:
Sorting coffee in water
In the ferment-and-wash method of wet processing, the remainder of the pulp is removed by breaking down the cellulose by fermenting the beans with microbes and then washing them with large amounts of water. Fermentation can be done with extra water or, in "Dry Fermentation", in the fruit's own juices only.
The fermentation process has to be carefully monitored to ensure that the coffee doesn't acquire undesirable, sour flavors. For most coffees, mucilage removal through fermentation takes between 8 and 36 hours, depending on the temperature, thickness of the mucilage layer, and concentration of the enzymes. The end of the fermentation is assessed by feel, as the parchment surrounding the beans loses its slimy texture and acquires a rougher "pebbly" feel. When the fermentation is complete, the coffee is thoroughly washed with clean water in tanks or in special washing machines.
In machine-assisted wet processing, fermentation is not used to separate the bean from the remainder of the pulp; rather, this is done through mechanical scrubbing. This process can cut down on water use and pollution since ferment and wash water stinks. In addition, removing mucilage by machine is easier and more predictable than removing it by fermenting and washing. However, by eliminating the fermentation step and prematurely separating fruit and bean, mechanical demucilaging can remove an important tool that mill operators have of influencing coffee flavor. Furthermore, the ecological criticism of the ferment-and-wash method increasingly has become moot, since a combination of low-water equipment plus settling tanks allows conscientious mill operators to carry out fermentation with limited pollution.[5] The downside in using a machine assisted process or "semi-wash" is a high chance of the beans being chipped or damaged. The damaged beans are more prominent on lower altitude grown beans and certain varietals with pourous features.
Any wet processing of coffee produces coffee wastewater which can be a pollutant. Ecologically sensitive farms reprocess the wastewater along with the shell and mucilage as compost to be used in soil fertilization programs. The amount of water used in processing can vary, but most often is used in a 1 to 1 ratio.
After the pulp has been removed what is left is the bean surrounded by two additional layers, the silver skin and the parchment. The beans must be dried to a water content of about 10% before they are stable. Coffee beans can be dried in the sun or by machine but in most cases it is dried in the sun to 12-13% moisture and brought down to 10% by machine. Drying entirely by machine is normally only done where space is at a premium or the humidity is too high for the beans to dry before mildewing.
When dried in the sun coffee is most often spread out in rows on large patios where it needs to be raked every six hours to promote even drying and prevent the growth of mildew. Some coffee is dried on large raised tables where the coffee is turned by hand. Drying coffee this way has the advantage of allowing air to circulate better around the beans promoting more even drying but increases cost and labor significantly.
After the drying process the parchment skin or pergamino is thoroughly dry and crumbly, and easily removed in the hulling process. Coffee occasionally is sold and shipped in parchment or en pergamino, but most often a machine called a huller is used to crunch off the parchment skin before the beans are shipped
The final steps in coffee processing involve removing the last layers of dry skin and remaining fruit residue from the now-dry coffee, and cleaning and sorting it. These steps are often called dry milling to distinguish them from the steps that take place before drying, which collectively are called wet milling.
Most fine coffee goes through a battery of machines that sort the coffee by the density of bean and by bean size, all the while removing sticks, rocks, nails, and miscellaneous debris that may have become mixed with the coffee during drying. First machines blow the beans into the air; those that fall into bins closest to the air source are heaviest and biggest; the lightest (and likely defective) beans plus chaff are blown in the farthest bin. Other machines shake the beans through a series of sieves, sorting them by size. Finally, a machine called a gravity separator shakes the sized beans on a tilted table, so that the heaviest, densest and best vibrate to one side of the pulsating table, and the lightest to the other.
Ethiopian women sort coffee beans at a long table.
The final step in the cleaning and sorting procedure is called color sorting, or separating defective beans from sound beans on the basis of color rather than density or size. Color sorting is the trickiest and perhaps most important of all the steps in sorting and cleaning. With most high-quality coffees color sorting is done in the simplest possible way: by hand. Teams of workers pick discolored and other defective beans from the sound beans. The very best coffees may be hand-cleaned twice (double picked) or even three times (triple picked). Coffee that has been cleaned by hand is usually called European preparation; most specialty coffees have been cleaned and sorted in this way.[5]
Color sorting can also be done by machines. Streams of beans fall rapidly, one at a time, past sensors that are set according to parameters that identify defective beans by value (dark to light) or by color. A tiny, decisive puff of compressed air pops each defective bean out of the stream of sound beans the instant the machine detects an anomaly. However, these machines are currently not used widely in the coffee industry for two reasons. First, the capital investment to install these delicate machines and the technical support to maintain them is daunting. Second, sorting coffee by hand supplies much-needed work for the small rural communities that often cluster around coffee mills. Nevertheless, computerized color sorters are essential to coffee industries in regions with relatively high standards of living and high wage demands.
Although not considered part of the processing pipeline proper, nearly all coffee sold to consumers throughout the world is sold as roasted coffee in general one of four degrees of roasting: light, medium, medium-dark, and dark. Consumers can also elect to buy unroasted coffee to be roasted at home. Green coffee can also be used for the preparation of infusions or ingested as ground powder, but this is of limited relevance to the global coffee market.
Finca Argovia S/N
Carretera a nueva Alemania KM 39+2
Tapachula Chiapas
Cellphone
(044 y 045) 962 2199375
Monday to Friday
8:00 am to 7:00 pm.
How to get Argovia?
To get to the Finca you have to take 8th Street north (reference: intersection with 17th Street west) located on the border of the city, which will take you north, right at the end will become Road to New Germany. 40 minutes of road without changing your way to find the 39km, you´ll find a signal that says “Argovia 5 minutes" turn your way to the right. You will continue by Finca Eduviges paved road better known as New Germany and only 5 minutes more you’ll be in Argovia. We guarantee that any vehicle from compact to mini sedans can access our Finca with no trouble.