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The Birth of the United States Navy
THE BIRTH OF THE UNITED STATES NAVY:
A Mad Idea that Stuck.
By Mike Descheemaeker of SV WHIRLWIND
Both the Revolutionary events in Massachusetts in the year of 1775 and the need to keep the British Army under siege in Boston led to the early formation of the US Navy. The British were surrounded by the Continental army in Boston and the people of the colonies wanted a voice and a say in the running of their colony. At this point the 13 colonies were only rebelling against the tyranny of the parliament and hoped the King would see that colonists were in the right and simply give them representation. While history has shown that kings do not view their reign as tyrannical, time and time again people hope for more autonomy without a fight. Many hoped war was not the answer and yet obtaining their goal was otherwise quite complicated. The colonies were dependent on Britain in many ways and Continental Leadership knew that challenging the Royal Navy on the high seas was, as Samuel Chase of Maryland said, the Maddest Idea; they could be no match. In spite of the madness of the idea, the congress slowly debated whether or not there was a genuine need for a true American Navy. The congress was concerned that the creation of a navy would be seen as an act of aggression or a move toward sovereignty a threat to the crown. While the debate wore on the continental congress gave the commander of the Continental Army, George Washington, authorization to spend money as he saw fit in an emergency. As it was, Washington saw fit to secretly and, at first, privately funded the arming of two schooners, the Hannah and Warren, for potential military purposes.
Working with the New England maritime community to ready two ships of merchant service for naval service quickly turned into more than Washington anticipated. With lack of gunpowder and cannons combined with a New England sense of independence and Sea Lawyer obstinance among the volunteers who manned these ships, it’s amazing they were able to accomplish what they did. Using the small rocky harbors to the north and south of Boston Harbor, Washington's ships were able to rush out and intercept a merchant ship arriving from England or Canada sent to supply the besieged British Army in Boston proper. The British army and loyalist citizens of Boston were slowly whittled down to starvation rations; they began tearing down structures and stealing furniture inside abandoned rebel leader mansions to gather fuel for cooking fires. Firewood and fresh food was being imported from Maine and Nova Scotia because of the siege. These early schooners of the continental army had limited oversight and often took advantage of their interceptions as opportunities to enrich themselves with the spoils of war thereby making themselves no more than privateers with captain and crews. In the beginning they captured as many friendly ships as they did enemy ships. At the time with the lines of independence being still blurred it was difficult to determine what was a legal prize. Many of the core families of the initial rebellion were involved in merchant shipping on the New England coast and into the Caribbean. Needless to say Washington had more than one awkward meeting with a angry rebellion financier questioning why Washington’s secret navy had captured one of their legitimate merchant ships.
After the first two schooners started to see some success in capturing actual military supply vessels and independence seemed the only path forward the congress approved a navy. Washington quietly let them know what he had been up to with his secret navy. Some of the challenges the young Navy faced was competing with privateers and there financiers for capable ships, commanders and armament for effective naval combat. It’s rather amusing to see the work orders from the captain of one ship requesting top masts and yards, studding sail spars, and a quiver of sails needed to capture or flee from a well canvased enemy. The simple working sail plan of a New England fishing schooner was not adequate for a military vessel facing the dreaded Royal Navy and its well honed ships and crews.
After a rough and quiet start, the young US Navy had, by wars end, fitted out close to fifty ships and captured two hundred enemy ships some with military munitions bound for the British war effort. With really no chance of going broadside to broadside against the British, snatching a prize lost in the fog or separated from its escort was a common tactic in the early days. Captain John Paul Jones and others did have success in the North Sea in direct action against the British towards the wars' end. This action gave Jones title to the first American Naval vessel to force an enemy naval vessel to strike her colors.
In 1778, France allied with the United states and joined in the fight for independence from Great Britain. Subsequently, the small but growing US Navy was joined by a large French Naval force. This alliance made way for a gradual change in direction for the colonies. Finally, with a fleet of 36 French naval ships, a blockade of Yorktown from the sea, and a combined French and US army Cornwallis was forced to surrender. This surrender brought a decisive victory for the United States an end to the Revolutionary War. In 1783, the Paris Peace Treaty was signed with Great Britain. This treaty recognized the United States as a sovereign nation.
Upon Independence, the fledgling US Navy was quickly regarded by some as not necessary and definitely expensive. This new nation, however, was ready to get out in the world, cross oceans, and continue trade with other nations. The Navy took on a new task with the turning of the tide in French - US relations. Circumstances in France quickly changed with the French Revolution which brought a change in heart amongst the former allies in the American Revolution. The French Revolutionaries were using public guillotines to chop the heads off aristocrats to make their point and get their way.
Washington and Hamilton were appalled by the bloodshed of the French approach to revolution. Concurrently, Jefferson and Madison looked past the gore and considered themselves loyal allies to French. The US congress stood with the Washington and Hamilton opinion and decided not to uphold the alliance with France after the American Revolution. The US Congress declared that the new French government with their violent actions was not the government the treaty was originally signed with. This departure brought the US into Qusai conflict with French Naval vessels and privateers in the Caribbean. The US Navy quickly became indispensable. The French preyed on US merchant ships doing trade in the Caribbean with the British. In 1796-1797 the French captured 316 American merchant vessels with a loss of 12-15 million dollars in goods and vessels. In 1794 congress approved the creation of six heavy frigates to protect American shipping abroad. Unfortunately the frigates came off the ways slowly and only served in the latter years of this Quasi-War with France...too late to stop a French privateer from snatching up a prize off the coast of New York in May of 1798.
The Frigates United States, Constellation and the famous Constitution were the first three ships off the ways in 1797 with three more to follow in the following years, the frigates President, Congress, and Chesapeake. These six ships are regarded as the official first ships of the United States modern day navy. Fortunately, for American ship builders having the forests of the new world at their disposal was a great advantage for trying to compete with Old World Naval powers. The American shipbuilders were matching nearly unlimited wood sources with superior craftsmanship blended by naval architects with new visions of speed and strength. Knowing that six ships would be no match for the large navies of Europe these six ships were built heavy for defense and the ability to carry a lot of cannons but with big rigs to maximize speed.
The USS Constitution which is still in active service took over 60 acres of forest to construct. Her nickname old Ironsides came from her ribs being so tightly spaced that it’s difficult to place a hand between them. With thick oak planking laid over these ribs cannon balls would just bounce off. Like many a Navy build, these first naval ships were over budget and late on delivery especially for the beginning of the Quasi-War with France. However by 1798 the first three frigates were sent to stations centered around commerce hubs in the Caribbean. The frigate captains were given orders not to engage with the French naval ships. They were to capture the French privateers who patrolled the surrounding waters. Eventually, the early naval frigates saw action with the French on multiple occasions. By 1800-1801 the Quasi-War was brought to an end through treaties and renewed trade agreements. The fledgling navy was sent into common service and sent home to sit idle at the dock once more.
Meanwhile, the young nation of the United States was tired of paying ransom to the Barbary Pirates on the northern coast of Africa Tunis, Tripoli and Algiers. For hundreds of years the Barbary Pirates or corsairs were in the habit of raiding mostly Christian villages in Spain and Italy and enslaving those they captured. Their treatment was less than wholesome and most of the captives lived out their lives enslaved. Later on, the pirates preyed on merchant vessels plying the Mediterranean and the Atlantic around the Straits of Gibraltar. Once captured these vessels would be taken back to the Barbary strongholds, their ship and crew enslaved and held for ransom. Lucky crews were freed from the horrors of enslavement when the ships owners paid up. Unlucky crews were left to rot. This became so common that the British and other European nations paid a flat rate to the pirates so they would leave their ships alone. America, being young and poor, couldn’t afford to make the payments so American shipping soon became prey for the Corsair pirates.
Morocco actually sent the yet to be formed United States a trade agreement in 1778 but apparently everybody in power was too busy fighting a war and organizing a government that they failed to acknowledge or respond to this request. In 1784, acting on behalf of the Sultan of Morocco, US merchant vessel Betsy was captured and used for leverage to bring the US to the bargaining table. A free trade agreement was struck and all seemed well except the Corsairs were basically a mercenary force that worked for the different Sultans along the Mediterranean. In Algeria things were not going well for the US. For a decade two US ships and there crews were held captive in horrific conditions until some sort of release was secured. Many in power in the US didn’t want to continue to pay the tribute money because they figured it would just keep going in the wrong direction which it constantly did. The monetary tribute amounts were constantly increased with added demands like Algiers requesting the United States build them a naval vessel. All of this was occurring in much of the same time period as the Quasi-War with France so as things really started to come to a head in the Mediterranean the young Navy was really looking ready to handle this global dilemma.
In 1800 Captain William Bainbridge on the USS George Washington arrived in the Port of Algiers with tribute money and other gifts for the Dey. After getting the anchor down they were informed that the ship would be used to transport the Dey around the Mediterranean to conduct his business. Now the ship had already sailed into the harbor under the protection or threat of the large coastal batteries served by the Deys troops. Bainbridge felt like he didn’t have much choice so he essentially surrendered the vessel to the Dey's demands. Back home in the US the nation was not happy about this turn of events. This was the beginning of the end for the US sending tributes to the Sultans. In fact, President Jefferson, with approval from congress, sent the Navy in force.
In 1803 commodore Preble arrived in the Mediterranean with the Constitution and the rest of his ships. Unfortunately, the new fleet consisted of heavy deep draft vessels which had a difficult time negotiating the shallows and reefs that protected the ports of Northern Africa. In an ambitious action Bainbridge in the USS Philadelphia chasing a Corsair vessel ran hard aground off of Tripoli. Under attack from small gunboats of the Tripolis and unable to refloat the vessel Bainbridge surrendered. Thinking they had flooded the vessel beyond salvage they were horrified to see the USS Philadelphia float in to Tripoli harbor from there new accommodations in the prison. There they sat for almost two years. The Americans knew they needed to recapture or scuttle the Philadelphia before it could be repaired and put back into service against them. So in February 1804 lieutenant Stephen Decatur with his crew brought a captured Tripoli merchant ketch renamed USS Intrepid into the harbor with the assistance of Sicilian pilot who knew the local waters. They trimmed the rig down to make it look like a local trading vessel and roughed it up to make it look like they had been through a bad storm. They brought the ketch right along side the Philadelphia under the cover of darkness and attacked the small guard crew. However, they were unable to cut out the Philadelphia so they set charges and destroyed her at her mooring.
The fleet continued blockades and bombardments of the harbors to some effect but it was a land force of US Marines backing the exiled brother of the ruling Pasha of Tripoli that turned this tide of war. From Alexandria the forces of US marines, led by the former US consul to Tunis, William Eaton, and a mercenary force of the exiled Pashas brother were marched along the coast to capture Derna, Benghazi and eventually Tripoli. With success in Derna the Pasha surrendered to the land force and the constant naval bombing from the USS Constitution.
This, however, did not bring an end to hostilities in the Mediterranean because the British were not happy with the foot hold that the United States was gaining in trade. Britain used their position to try and squeeze the young nation out of the game. Determined to defend their trade position, the US sent another force led by Stephen Decatur which defeated the British backed Algerian fleet. Subsequently, the United States was able to achieve a period of somewhat free trade into the Mediterranean for a time. These actions by the British were fueling the flames of the next war on the horizon in 1812. And so it was that by this time the United States Navy had proved herself as a valuable and effective tool for the United States to defend, expand, and stand her ground to become a thriving nation.
MOROCCO 🇲🇦 CRUISING THE MED AND NORTH AFRICA WITH THE OCEAN POSSE
Cruising Morocco:
Morocco’s coastline is dotted with numerous ports and marinas, ranging from modern facilities in major cities like Tangier and Casablanca to smaller, more rustic harbors in places like El Jadida and Essaouira. Researching and planning your stops in advance can help you make the most of your time in Morocco. It’s also advisable to familiarize yourself with local regulations, including customs procedures and entry requirements for both you and your vessel.
Arrival in Morocco: Tangier
Tangier, the gateway between Europe and Africa, is often the first Moroccan port of call for yachts arriving from the Mediterranean. Its strategic location at the entrance to the Strait of Gibraltar has made it a crucial maritime hub for centuries. As you approach Tangier, the city’s vibrant skyline, with its mix of modern buildings and traditional Moroccan architecture, comes into view.
Tangier Marina Bay is a modern facility that offers excellent services for visiting yachts. Once docked, you’ll find yourself at the heart of Tangier, a city where history and modernity coexist. Explore the Kasbah, with its narrow, winding streets, and visit the American Legation Museum, which tells the story of the long-standing relationship between Morocco and the United States. Tangier’s bustling medina, with its souks and cafes, offers a sensory feast of colors, sounds, and scents.
From Tangier, you can take day trips to nearby attractions, such as the Caves of Hercules, where legend has it that Hercules rested after completing his twelve labors, and Cap Spartel, the northwestern tip of Africa where the Atlantic Ocean meets the Mediterranean Sea.
The Mediterranean Coast: From Tangier to Al Hoceima
Cruising eastward along Morocco’s Mediterranean coast offers a mix of natural beauty and cultural discovery. The coastline here is less developed than the Atlantic coast, with pristine beaches, rugged cliffs, and small fishing villages.
Your first stop might be the town of Tetouan, known as the “White Dove” due to its whitewashed buildings. Tetouan’s medina, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is one of the most authentic and least altered in Morocco. Walking through its narrow alleys feels like stepping back in time. The town also has a strong Andalusian influence, a reminder of the historical ties between Morocco and Spain.
Continuing east, you reach the town of Al Hoceima, situated in the heart of the Rif Mountains. Al Hoceima National Park, which surrounds the town, is a haven for nature lovers. The park offers hiking trails with breathtaking views of the coastline and opportunities for birdwatching. The waters around Al Hoceima are also ideal for diving, with underwater caves and vibrant marine life waiting to be explored.
The Atlantic Coast: From Tangier to Casablanca
Returning to Tangier, you can set sail southward along Morocco’s Atlantic coast. This stretch of coastline is more developed and offers a variety of experiences, from the cosmopolitan cities of Rabat and Casablanca to the historic towns of Asilah and El Jadida.
Asilah is a charming town known for its annual arts festival, which attracts artists from around the world to paint murals on the town’s whitewashed walls. Asilah’s medina is small but picturesque, with its narrow streets and blue-painted doors. The town’s beaches are also worth a visit, offering a relaxing break from sailing.
Rabat, Morocco’s capital, is a city of contrasts. Its modern infrastructure and wide boulevards are juxtaposed with historic sites such as the Kasbah of the Udayas and the Hassan Tower. Rabat’s marina is located on the Bou Regreg River, offering a convenient base for exploring the city. The nearby city of Salé, Rabat’s twin across the river, is also worth a visit for its traditional medina and the impressive Grand Mosque.
Casablanca, Morocco’s largest city and economic hub, is a bustling metropolis with a unique blend of tradition and modernity. The city’s most famous landmark is the Hassan II Mosque, one of the largest mosques in the world, with its minaret towering over the Atlantic Ocean. Casablanca’s port is one of the busiest in Africa, but the city also has a modern marina that caters to visiting yachts.
The Atlantic Coast: From Casablanca to Agadir
Continuing south from Casablanca, the coastline becomes less developed, with long stretches of sandy beaches and rocky cliffs. This part of Morocco offers a more tranquil cruising experience, with fewer tourists and a slower pace of life.
El Jadida, a historic town with a Portuguese heritage, is a must-visit along this stretch of coast. The town’s old Portuguese fortifications, including the impressive cistern, are a UNESCO World Heritage site. El Jadida’s medina is also a delight to explore, with its narrow streets and traditional houses.
Further south, you reach Essaouira, a coastal town known for its strong winds and laid-back atmosphere. Essaouira’s medina is another UNESCO World Heritage site, with its well-preserved fortifications and vibrant arts scene. The town is also a popular destination for windsurfing and kitesurfing, thanks to the strong Atlantic winds.
Agadir, located further south, is Morocco’s premier beach resort town. The city was rebuilt after a devastating earthquake in 1960, and today it offers modern amenities and a long sandy beach that stretches for miles. Agadir’s marina is well-equipped and offers a convenient base for exploring the surrounding region, including the nearby Souss-Massa National Park, which is home to a variety of bird species.
Offshore Adventures: The Canary Islands and Beyond
For those seeking further adventure, the Canary Islands, located off the coast of Morocco, are a popular destination for yacht cruisers. The islands offer a diverse range of experiences, from the volcanic landscapes of Tenerife and Lanzarote to the lush forests of La Gomera.
Sailing from Morocco to the Canary Islands can be challenging due to the strong winds and currents in the Atlantic Ocean. However, the journey is well worth it for those who seek to explore these unique islands. Each island has its own distinct character, with a mix of Spanish and African influences.
Beyond the Canary Islands, the Atlantic Ocean beckons with even more distant destinations, such as the Cape Verde Islands and the Caribbean. Morocco’s location at the crossroads of Europe, Africa, and the Atlantic makes it an ideal starting point for long-distance cruising adventures.
Cultural Encounters
One of the highlights of cruising along the Moroccan coast is the opportunity to immerse yourself in the country’s rich culture. Morocco’s history as a crossroads of civilizations is evident in its diverse architecture, cuisine, and traditions.
Each port of call offers a chance to explore Morocco’s cultural heritage. In Tangier, you can visit the city’s many museums and galleries, which showcase Moroccan art and history. In Tetouan, the Andalusian influence is strong, with traditional music and dance performances often taking place in the town’s squares. In Rabat and Casablanca, you can explore Morocco’s modern side, with its vibrant arts scene and contemporary architecture.
Moroccan cuisine is another cultural highlight. Each region has its own specialties, from the tagines of the north to the seafood dishes of the Atlantic coast. Freshly caught fish and seafood are often the stars of the menu in coastal towns, with dishes such as grilled sardines, seafood pastilla, and fish tagine being local favorites.
Practical Considerations
Cruising in Moroccan waters requires some practical considerations. Morocco has a well-developed network of ports and marinas, but facilities can vary depending on the location. Larger cities like Tangier, Casablanca, and Agadir offer modern marinas with full services, while smaller towns and fishing villages may have more basic facilities.
Customs and immigration procedures are generally straightforward, but it’s important to check the latest regulations before you arrive. Most marinas will have customs officers on site who can assist with the necessary paperwork. It’s also advisable to have your boat’s documentation in order, including proof of insurance and registration.
Safety is another important consideration. Morocco is generally a safe destination for travelers, but it’s always wise to take precautions, especially when it comes to securing your boat. Most marinas have security measures in place, but it’s a good idea to be vigilant and take steps to protect your belongings.
Finally, it’s important to respect local customs and traditions. Morocco is a Muslim country, and it’s important to dress modestly and be mindful of local sensitivities, especially when visiting religious sites. Learning a few basic phrases in Arabic or French can also go a long way in building rapport with locals.
MARINAS
1. Marina Bay, Tangier
- Coordinates: 35°46.434′ N 005°48.996′ W
- Description: Marina Bay is a modern marina located in the heart of Tangier, offering state-of-the-art facilities. It’s situated close to the city’s vibrant cultural sites, including the Kasbah and the medina. The marina is well-protected and equipped with amenities such as electricity, water, Wi-Fi, and fuel services.
- Contact Information:
- Phone: +212 539 931 021
- Email: contact@marinabay.ma
- Website: www.marinabay.ma
2. Marina Smir, M’diq
- Coordinates: 35°48.635′ N 005°21.763′ W
- Description: Located near the Spanish enclave of Ceuta, Marina Smir is one of the most prestigious marinas in Morocco. It offers a luxurious setting with high-end facilities, including restaurants, shops, and a hotel. The marina is popular among European cruisers and provides easy access to the Rif Mountains.
- Contact Information:
- Phone: +212 539 975 968
- Email: marinasmir@gmail.com
- Website: www.marinasmir.com
3. Marina Bouregreg, Rabat
- Coordinates: 34°01.550′ N 006°49.632′ W
- Description: Marina Bouregreg is located on the Bou Regreg River, between Rabat and Salé. This modern marina is an ideal base for exploring Morocco’s capital and its historic sites, such as the Kasbah of the Udayas and Hassan Tower. The marina is equipped with all necessary services, including security, fuel, and maintenance.
- Contact Information:
- Phone: +212 537 707 637
- Email: info@marinabouregreg.ma
- Website: www.marinabouregreg.ma
4. Marina Mohammedia, Mohammedia
- Coordinates: 33°42.162′ N 007°23.518′ W
- Description: Situated in the coastal city of Mohammedia, just north of Casablanca, this marina offers a more tranquil setting compared to the busy port of Casablanca. Marina Mohammedia is a popular stop for cruisers, offering good protection and essential amenities such as fuel, water, and electricity.
- Contact Information:
- Phone: +212 523 320 377
- Email: marinamohammedia@maroc.ma
- Website: www.portmohammedia.com
5. Port de Plaisance d’Agadir, Agadir
- Coordinates: 30°25.891′ N 009°37.492′ W
- Description: Agadir’s marina is a modern facility located in the heart of the city’s tourist area. It offers excellent services, including fuel, water, electricity, and a wide range of shops and restaurants nearby. The marina is also a gateway to exploring the Souss-Massa region and the Atlas Mountains.
- Contact Information:
- Phone: +212 528 844 840
- Email: info@marinaagadir.com
- Website: www.marinaagadir.com
6. Port de Plaisance de Saïdia, Saïdia
- Coordinates: 35°05.964′ N 002°17.556′ W
- Description: Saïdia Marina, located near the Algerian border, is part of a larger resort complex. It offers modern facilities and is surrounded by beautiful beaches. The marina is a popular summer destination and provides all necessary amenities, including fuel, electricity, and water.
- Contact Information:
- Phone: +212 536 667 012
- Email: info@marinasaidia.com
- Website: www.marinasaidia.com
7. Marina d’Essaouira, Essaouira
- Coordinates: 31°30.776′ N 009°45.560′ W
- Description: Essaouira’s marina is located in the city’s historic port, known for its strong winds and laid-back atmosphere. The marina is smaller compared to others in Morocco but offers a unique experience, with its proximity to the city’s UNESCO-listed medina and vibrant arts scene.
- Contact Information:
- Phone: +212 524 476 253
- Email: portessaouira@maroc.ma
- Website: www.essaouiraport.com
8. Port de Plaisance d’El Jadida, El Jadida
- Coordinates: 33°15.720′ N 008°29.274′ W
- Description: El Jadida’s marina is part of the historic Portuguese city, offering a blend of history and modern maritime services. The marina is small but well-equipped, providing basic amenities such as water and electricity. The nearby Portuguese cistern and fortifications are a must-visit.
- Contact Information:
- Phone: +212 523 345 678
- Email: info@porteljadida.ma
- Website: www.porteljadida.ma
9. Marina Atlantique, Casablanca
- Coordinates: 33°36.563′ N 007°37.243′ W
- Description: Located in the bustling city of Casablanca, Marina Atlantique offers a modern and convenient base for exploring Morocco’s economic capital. The marina is well-equipped with all necessary services and is close to major attractions such as the Hassan II Mosque.
- Contact Information:
- Phone: +212 522 279 219
- Email: info@marinaatlantique.ma
- Website: www.marinaatlantique.ma
10. Port de Plaisance de Tanger Ville, Tangier
- Coordinates: 35°47.472′ N 005°48.232′ W
- Description: Another option in Tangier, this marina is located closer to the historic city center, offering easy access to the old medina and the Kasbah. It provides essential services and is a great choice for those looking to immerse themselves in Tangier’s rich history and culture.
- Contact Information:
- Phone: +212 539 938 000
- Email: contact@portdetangerville.ma
- Website: www.portdetangerville.ma
CURRENTS
SWELL AND WAVES
LOCAL WIND PHENOMENA
Wind Name Description Direction Typical Strength Chergui A hot, dry wind that blows from the Sahara Desert across Morocco, particularly in the summer. It can cause significant temperature rises and dry conditions. East to Southeast 25-45 km/h (can reach up to 100 km/h in extreme cases) Levanter A moist, easterly wind that blows through the Strait of Gibraltar. It often brings clouds and sometimes light rain to northern Morocco, especially around the Rif mountains. East 10-30 km/h (can vary depending on the season and geography) Alizé A trade wind that brings cool, moist air from the Atlantic Ocean to the western coast of Morocco. It generally moderates temperatures and brings moisture to coastal areas. Northeast 15-25 km/h Gharbi A westerly wind that can bring rain and cooler temperatures from the Atlantic Ocean. It often occurs in the winter months. West 20-40 km/h Scirocco A hot, dry wind similar to the Chergui but originates from the Sahara and can affect southern Morocco. It carries dust and sand, reducing visibility. South to Southeast 30-50 km/h (can occasionally reach higher speeds) El Azef A local wind that can be strong and unpredictable, often linked to mountain areas in Morocco. It can be gusty and variable in strength and direction. Variable (depends on local topography) 20-40 km/h (can vary significantly)
MAIN LOCAL WEATHER WEBSITE MOROCCO
SEVERE WEATHER GIBRALTAR
PILOT CHARTS GIBRALTAR CLIMATOLOGY
MUST SEE
1. Marrakech Medina
- Location: 31°37′60″N 07°59′60″W
- Description: The heart of Marrakech, the Medina is a UNESCO World Heritage site filled with winding alleys, bustling souks, and historic sites. Key attractions include the Koutoubia Mosque, Bahia Palace, and Saadian Tombs. The Medina offers an immersive experience of Moroccan culture, architecture, and daily life.
- Best Time to Visit: March to May, or September to November, when the weather is mild and pleasant.
2. Jemaa el-Fnaa
- Location: 31°37′52″N 07°59′25″W
- Description: The central square in Marrakech’s Medina, Jemaa el-Fnaa is famous for its vibrant atmosphere, street performers, food stalls, and traditional storytellers. As the sun sets, the square transforms into a lively hub of activity, with musicians, snake charmers, and vendors creating a unique sensory experience.
- Best Time to Visit: Late afternoon to evening for the full experience.
3. Hassan II Mosque, Casablanca
- Location: 33°36′29″N 07°37′54″W
- Description: The Hassan II Mosque is one of the largest mosques in the world and a symbol of modern Moroccan architecture. Its minaret stands at 210 meters, making it the tallest in the world. The mosque’s intricate design, with its marble floors, mosaics, and woodwork, reflects the craftsmanship of Moroccan artisans.
- Best Time to Visit: April to October, to enjoy the exterior views without the heat of summer.
4. Fes el Bali (Old Fes)
- Location: 34°03′40″N 04°59′40″W
- Description: Fes el Bali is the oldest part of Fes and a UNESCO World Heritage site. The medina is a labyrinth of narrow alleys, historic mosques, madrasas, and souks. Notable sites include the Al Quaraouiyine University, one of the oldest in the world, and the Bou Inania Madrasa.
- Best Time to Visit: April to June, or September to November.
5. Chefchaouen (The Blue City)
- Location: 35°10′38″N 05°16′57″W
- Description: Nestled in the Rif Mountains, Chefchaouen is known for its striking blue-painted buildings. The city’s serene atmosphere, combined with its stunning backdrop of mountains, makes it a popular destination for photography and relaxation. The Kasbah, built in the 15th century, offers panoramic views of the town.
- Best Time to Visit: April to June, or September to November, for cooler temperatures.
6. Atlas Mountains
- Location: 31°03′30″N 07°54′00″W
- Description: The Atlas Mountains stretch across Morocco, offering dramatic landscapes, traditional Berber villages, and outdoor activities like hiking and trekking. The Toubkal National Park, home to Mount Toubkal, the highest peak in North Africa, is a highlight for adventurous travelers.
- Best Time to Visit: April to June for hiking; December to February for skiing.
7. Sahara Desert
- Location: 30°19′60″N 03°59′60″W
- Description: The Moroccan Sahara is an awe-inspiring landscape of endless sand dunes, rocky plateaus, and oases. Popular destinations include Merzouga and the Erg Chebbi dunes, where visitors can experience camel treks, overnight stays in desert camps, and stunning sunrise and sunset views.
- Best Time to Visit: October to April, when the temperatures are more moderate.
8. Ait Benhaddou
- Location: 31°02′00″N 07°08′00″W
- Description: Ait Benhaddou is a fortified village (ksar) along the former caravan route between the Sahara and Marrakech. It is a UNESCO World Heritage site and a popular filming location for movies. The village’s earthen clay architecture, set against a backdrop of the High Atlas Mountains, creates a picturesque scene.
- Best Time to Visit: March to May, or September to November.
9. Djemaa el-Fna Square, Marrakech
- Location: 31°37′52″N 07°59′25″W
- Description: The vibrant heart of Marrakech, Djemaa el-Fna Square, is a must-see for its lively atmosphere, street food stalls, entertainers, and markets. The square is especially magical at night when it becomes a bustling hub of activity and a true representation of Moroccan culture.
- Best Time to Visit: Evening, all year round.
10. Ouarzazate
- Location: 30°55′12″N 06°54′07″W
- Description: Known as the “Gateway to the Sahara,” Ouarzazate is a city surrounded by dramatic desert landscapes. It’s famous for its film studios and as a starting point for exploring the Draa Valley and the nearby Ait Benhaddou. The Taourirt Kasbah is one of the main historical sites in the city.
- Best Time to Visit: March to May, or September to November.
11. Essaouira
- Location: 31°30′60″N 09°46′60″W
- Description: A coastal city with a rich history, Essaouira is known for its fortified medina, vibrant arts scene, and picturesque harbor. The city’s blue and white buildings, combined with its laid-back atmosphere, make it a favorite destination for visitors. The Skala de la Ville offers stunning ocean views.
- Best Time to Visit: March to May, or September to November.
12. Dades Valley
- Location: 31°30′00″N 05°30′00″W
- Description: The Dades Valley is renowned for its dramatic landscapes, including the Dades Gorge, with its winding roads and stunning rock formations. The valley is also known for its traditional Berber villages and ancient kasbahs, offering a glimpse into Morocco’s rural life.
- Best Time to Visit: April to June, or September to November.
13. Volubilis
- Location: 34°04′60″N 05°33′60″W
- Description: Volubilis is an ancient Roman city and a UNESCO World Heritage site, featuring well-preserved ruins, including mosaics, temples, and a basilica. The site offers a fascinating insight into Morocco’s Roman past and provides stunning views of the surrounding countryside.
- Best Time to Visit: March to May, or September to November.
14. Rabat Medina
- Location: 34°01′60″N 06°49′60″W
- Description: Rabat, the capital of Morocco, is home to a historic medina that blends traditional Moroccan architecture with French colonial influences. The medina’s narrow streets are filled with shops, cafes, and historical sites like the Kasbah of the Udayas and the Hassan Tower.
- Best Time to Visit: March to May, or September to November.
15. Todra Gorge
- Location: 31°33′60″N 05°35′60″W
- Description: The Todra Gorge is a dramatic canyon in the eastern part of the High Atlas Mountains, known for its towering cliffs and a river that runs through it. It’s a popular spot for trekking, rock climbing, and photography, offering stunning natural beauty.
- Best Time to Visit: March to May, or September to November.
16. Meknes Medina
- Location: 33°53′00″N 05°33′00″W
- Description: Meknes, one of Morocco’s four imperial cities, is known for its grand gates, palaces, and historical monuments. The medina, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is home to the Bab Mansour gate, the Mausoleum of Moulay Ismail, and the bustling El Hedim Square.
- Best Time to Visit: April to June, or September to November.
17. Asilah
- Location: 35°28′60″N 06°02′60″W
- Description: A charming coastal town, Asilah is known for its whitewashed buildings, vibrant murals, and relaxed atmosphere. The town’s medina, with its mix of Portuguese and Moroccan architecture, is a highlight. The annual Asilah Arts Festival attracts artists and visitors from around the world.
- Best Time to Visit: April to June, or September to November.
18. Merzouga
- Location: 31°06′00″N 04°00′00″W
- Description: Merzouga is a small village on the edge of the Erg Chebbi dunes in the Sahara Desert. It is a gateway to exploring the vast desert landscape
19. Erg Chebbi Dunes, Merzouga
- Location: 31°08′00″N 04°00′00″W
- Description: The Erg Chebbi Dunes near Merzouga are among Morocco’s most iconic desert landscapes. These towering sand dunes can reach heights of up to 150 meters and stretch for 28 kilometers. Visitors can experience camel treks, sandboarding, and spend the night in traditional Berber tents under a starry sky.
- Best Time to Visit: October to April, when the desert heat is more manageable.
20. Ouzoud Falls
- Location: 32°00′00″N 06°43′00″W
- Description: Located in the Middle Atlas, the Ouzoud Falls are the highest waterfalls in Morocco, plunging over 100 meters into the river below. The area is a popular spot for hiking and picnicking, with lush greenery and opportunities to see Barbary monkeys. A boat ride to the base of the falls is a must.
- Best Time to Visit: March to May, or September to November, when the weather is cooler and the falls are at their fullest.
21. Draa Valley
- Location: 30°20′00″N 05°50′00″W
- Description: The Draa Valley, stretching from the High Atlas to the Sahara Desert, is known for its lush palm groves, ancient kasbahs, and traditional Berber villages. The valley is a scenic drive and offers a glimpse into the rural life of Morocco, with opportunities for trekking and exploring historic sites.
- Best Time to Visit: March to May, or September to November.
22. Essaouira Medina
- Location: 31°30′60″N 09°46′60″W
- Description: The medina of Essaouira is a UNESCO World Heritage site, known for its whitewashed houses, blue doors, and bustling port. The town has a laid-back atmosphere, with art galleries, cafes, and a vibrant arts scene. The Skala de la Ville, a fortified sea wall, offers stunning views of the Atlantic.
- Best Time to Visit: March to May, or September to November.
23. Kasbah of the Udayas, Rabat
- Location: 34°01′60″N 06°49′60″W
- Description: The Kasbah of the Udayas is a historical fortress overlooking the Bou Regreg River in Rabat. This UNESCO World Heritage site features narrow streets lined with blue and white houses, Andalusian gardens, and stunning views of the Atlantic Ocean. The Kasbah is a peaceful retreat from the city’s hustle.
- Best Time to Visit: April to June, or September to November.
24. Majorelle Garden, Marrakech
- Location: 31°38′19″N 07°59′55″W
- Description: The Majorelle Garden is a lush oasis in the heart of Marrakech, created by French painter Jacques Majorelle and later restored by Yves Saint Laurent. The garden is famous for its vibrant cobalt blue buildings, exotic plants, and serene atmosphere. It also houses the Berber Museum, showcasing Morocco’s indigenous culture.
- Best Time to Visit: March to May, or September to November.
25. Bou Inania Madrasa, Fes
- Location: 34°03′40″N 04°59′40″W
- Description: The Bou Inania Madrasa in Fes is one of the most architecturally significant madrasas in Morocco. Built in the 14th century, it is known for its intricate zellige tilework, carved stucco, and ornate woodwork. The madrasa also served as a mosque, and its central courtyard is a masterpiece of Islamic design.
- Best Time to Visit: March to May, or September to November.
26. Moulay Idriss Zerhoun
- Location: 34°03′60″N 05°31′60″W
- Description: Moulay Idriss Zerhoun is a sacred town perched on a hilltop near Meknes. It is the burial place of Moulay Idriss I, the founder of the Idrisid dynasty and the first major Islamic ruler of Morocco. The town is a pilgrimage site and offers stunning views of the surrounding countryside.
- Best Time to Visit: April to June, or September to November.
27. Chefchaouen Medina
- Location: 35°10′38″N 05°16′57″W
- Description: The medina of Chefchaouen, also known as the Blue Pearl, is famous for its blue-painted buildings and serene ambiance. Nestled in the Rif Mountains, the medina’s winding streets are lined with shops selling local handicrafts, textiles, and spices. It’s a photographer’s paradise and a perfect spot to relax and explore.
- Best Time to Visit: April to June, or September to November.
28. Todra Valley
- Location: 31°33′60″N 05°35′60″W
- Description: The Todra Valley, located near the Todra Gorge, is known for its lush palm groves, ancient kasbahs, and traditional Berber villages. The valley is a popular destination for trekking and offers stunning views of the surrounding mountains and river. It’s a peaceful retreat into nature.
- Best Time to Visit: April to June, or September to November.
29. El Jadida
- Location: 33°15′60″N 08°30′60″W
- Description: El Jadida is a coastal town known for its Portuguese-influenced architecture, particularly the Cistern of the Portuguese and the fortified walls of the old city. The town’s medina is a UNESCO World Heritage site, and its beaches and relaxed atmosphere make it a popular destination for a seaside escape.
- Best Time to Visit: March to May, or September to November.
30. Ifrane
- Location: 33°32′60″N 05°06′60″W
- Description: Ifrane is a charming mountain town in the Middle Atlas, often referred to as “Little Switzerland” due to its alpine-style architecture and snowy winters. The town is surrounded by cedar forests and is a popular destination for skiing in winter and hiking in summer. It’s also home to the prestigious Al Akhawayn University.
- Best Time to Visit: December to February for skiing; April to June for hiking.
31. Toubkal National Park
- Location: 31°03′30″N 07°54′00″W
- Description: Toubkal National Park is home to Mount Toubkal, the highest peak in North Africa. The park is a popular destination for trekking, offering stunning mountain scenery, traditional Berber villages, and diverse flora and fauna. The trek to the summit of Mount Toubkal is challenging but rewarding, with panoramic views of the Atlas Mountains.
- Best Time to Visit: April to June for trekking; September to November for milder weather.
32. Marrakech Souks
- Location: 31°37′60″N 07°59′60″W
- Description: The souks of Marrakech are a labyrinth of narrow alleys filled with stalls selling everything from spices and textiles to pottery and jewelry. The souks are a vibrant and colorful experience, offering a glimpse into the traditional craftsmanship of Morocco. Bargaining is a must, and exploring the souks is a sensory adventure.
- Best Time to Visit: Morning or late afternoon, all year round.
33. Kasbah Amridil, Skoura
- Location: 31°03′60″N 06°34′60″W
- Description: Kasbah Amridil, located in the Skoura Oasis, is one of the best-preserved and most iconic kasbahs in Morocco. This 17th-century fortress offers a fascinating insight into the traditional life of southern Morocco, with its well-preserved architecture, courtyards, and exhibits on Berber culture.
- Best Time to Visit: March to May, or September to November.
34. Taroudant
- Location: 30°28′60″N 08°52′60″W
- Description: Often referred to as “Little Marrakech,” Taroudant is a fortified town in southern Morocco known for its well-preserved city walls and vibrant souks. The town is less touristy than Marrakech, offering a more authentic experience of Moroccan culture and history. The palm-fringed streets and mountain views add to its charm.
- Best Time to Visit: March to May, or September to November.
35. Sidi Ifni
- Location: 29°22′00″N 10°10′00″W
- Description: Sidi Ifni is a coastal town with a unique blend of Moroccan and Spanish colonial architecture. The town is known for its relaxed atmosphere, beautiful beaches, and the iconic Legzira Beach with its natural rock arches. Sidi Ifni is a great destination for surfing, fishing, and enjoying the unspoiled
SERVICES
1. Port of Casablanca
- Casablanca Shipyard (Chantier Naval Casablanca)
- Services: Full-service shipyard offering dry docking, hull maintenance, engine repairs, electrical systems, and custom fabrication.
- Facilities: Large dry docks, floating docks, and repair berths.
- Contact: +212 5 22 91 64 00
- Location: 33°36′00″N 07°36′36″W
2. Port of Tangier
- Tangier Marina Bay
- Services: Basic yacht repair services including hull cleaning, engine servicing, and minor repairs. Larger repairs may require transportation to nearby shipyards.
- Facilities: Modern marina with essential amenities for yachts.
- Contact: +212 539 33 46 69
- Location: 35°47′00″N 05°48′00″W
- STTM (Société de Travaux et de Maintenance)
- Services: Specialized in ship repair, maintenance, and naval engineering. Offers services for both small yachts and larger vessels.
- Facilities: Dockyard with repair and maintenance facilities.
- Contact: +212 539 93 33 22
- Location: 35°47′50″N 05°48′52″W
3. Port of Agadir
- Marina Agadir
- Services: Basic yacht maintenance services including hull and engine work, electrical repairs, and refitting.
- Facilities: Well-equipped marina with lift-out services.
- Contact: +212 528 82 26 72
- Location: 30°25′50″N 09°37′50″W
4. Port of Mohammedia
- Chantier Naval Mohammedia
- Services: Comprehensive repair services, including hull work, mechanical and electrical repairs, painting, and refitting.
- Facilities: Dry dock and repair berths available for yachts.
- Contact: +212 523 32 12 12
- Location: 33°43′00″N 07°22′00″W
5. Port of Safi
- Chantier Naval de Safi
- Services: Offers ship repair services, including hull maintenance, engine repairs, and painting. Suitable for larger yachts and vessels.
- Facilities: Dockyard with repair berths and dry docks.
- Contact: +212 524 62 20 00
- Location: 32°18′50″N 09°14′00″W
6. Port of Al Hoceima
- Marina Al Hoceima
- Services: Limited yacht repair services focused on routine maintenance, engine servicing, and minor repairs.
- Facilities: Small marina with basic repair facilities.
- Contact: +212 539 98 10 30
- Location: 35°14′00″N 03°55′00″W
EMERGENCY NUMBERS
Morocco – Search & Rescue Contacts
-
MRCC Rabat (Cospas-Sarsat SPOC)
Type: MRCC, Country:
SRR:
Tel: 212 5 37 625877 (emergency)
mrccrabat@gmail.com -
MRSC Agadir
Type: MRSC, Country:
SRR:
Tel: 212-28-842964
mrsc.agadir@mpm.gov.ma -
MRSC Al Hoceima
Type: MRSC, Country:
SRR:
Tel: 212-5 39-982730
mrsc.alhoceima@mpm.gov.ma -
MRSC Dakhla
Type: MRSC, Country:
SRR:
Tel: 212-28-897300
mrsc.dakhla@mpm.gov.ma -
MRSC Tanger
Type: MRSC, Country:
SRR:
Tel: 212-39-932090
mrsc.tanger@mpm.gov.ma