ATLANTIC CROSSING WEST TO EAST : Bahamas → Bermuda → Azores → Portugal
Bahamas – Bermuda – Azores
Crossing from The Bahamas to Bermuda to the Azores in May is a classic transatlantic route favored by many bluewater cruisers heading to Europe. Here’s a breakdown of the route, conditions, and considerations for each leg:
🟦 1. Bahamas to Bermuda
Distance: ~780 NM from Eleuthera/Abaco to St. George’s
Typical Duration: 5–7 days
Best Time: Late April to mid-May
⛵ Conditions:
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Prevailing Winds: East to southeast trades, 10–20 knots.
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Weather systems: Watch for cold fronts exiting the U.S. East Coast. These can bring squalls and NW winds.
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Currents: You’ll skirt the Gulf Stream, but don’t aim directly through its strongest parts; stay on its eastern edge.
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Routing : Wait for a weather window with SE-SW winds ahead of a front, then ride the shift N-NE to Bermuda
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Average wave height: 1–2.5 meters (3–8 ft)
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Sea pattern: Generally moderate trade swell mixed with wind-driven chop.
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Gulf Stream Influence: If you get close to the stream, expect steep, confused seas especially if wind opposes current (e.g., NE wind against northbound current = square waves and breaking crests).
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Best Strategy: Route east of the Stream and time departure before or after a frontal passage for cleaner following or beam seas
🔄 1. Bahamas to Bermuda – Currents
✅ Main Concern: The Gulf Stream
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Flow: ~2–4 knots northward
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Location: From Florida Straits eastward to ~73°W
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Effect: If you cross it perpendicularly, you’ll get through quickly. If you sail along it, it can speed you up—or severely slow and toss you if wind opposes it.
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Best Practice:
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Route east of the main core of the Stream when possible.
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Watch for eddies—they spin off and may carry NE or SW flow.
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Get real-time data via NOAA Gulf Stream Analysis or PassageWeather.
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🌀 Eddies (spin-offs from the Gulf Stream)
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May assist or hinder depending on position.
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Can be up to 1 knot and last days/weeks.
SWELL AND WAVES
Tides and Currents
The tidal currents from the Bahamas to Bermuda
🟦 2. Bermuda to Azores
Distance: ~1,900 NM
Typical Duration: 12–18 days
Best Time: Mid-May to early June
⛵ Conditions:
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Winds: Variable — expect anything from SE trades to light airs, with possible gales from mid-latitude depressions.
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High Pressure: The Azores High often expands NE this time of year, creating large calm zones. Engines may be needed.
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Lows: North Atlantic depressions track above 35°N, but can dip south. Routing slightly south (~32°–35°N) may avoid worst of these.
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Routing : Some cruisers head ENE at first, then curve east or southeast depending on GRIBs.
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Average wave height: 1.5–3.5 meters (5–12 ft), but can spike to 4–5 m (12–16 ft) in passing lows.
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Wave period: Often 8–12 seconds, but can shorten drastically in rougher conditions.
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Cross seas: Common — leftover swell from previous systems (NW to W) combined with current wind-driven sea (E to SE) can result in confused, lumpy motion.
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Calm Zones: If trapped in the middle of the Azores High, expect long rolling swells and glassy calm with some leftover chop.
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Worst case: A passing low can bring sustained 25–35 knots and seas building to 4+ meters if you’re too far north.
🔄 2. Bermuda to Azores – Currents
🌊 North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre
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Dominated by the Azores Current and North Atlantic Drift
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Average flow: 0.5 knots or less, generally eastward or southeastward
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More benign than Gulf Stream — but slow currents can help or hinder over long durations
✅ General Strategy
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Below 35°N: Currents tend to be weak and variable; routing focuses more on avoiding lows than riding currents.
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Above 35–37°N: You may tap into light westerly-setting flows, but you also risk getting closer to stronger systems and rougher seas.
Preparation & Planning
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Fuel: Ensure ample diesel for motorsailing (especially Bermuda–Azores).
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Weather Tools: Use PredictWind, Saildocs, NOAA OPC, and get forecasts via Starlink – Iridium GO, Starlink, or SSB.
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Safety: This is an offshore ocean passage — have liferaft, EPIRB, AIS, storm sails, and proper watch routines.
Notes from Cruisers
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May offers one of the better weather windows before hurricane season and before the North Atlantic becomes too unsettled.
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Boats often gather in St. George’s, Bermuda for final prep and wait for a good window.
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The Azores (usually Faial/Horta) are a welcoming and essential landfall, with fuel, repairs, and a strong cruiser community.
Tides and Currents
The tidal currents from the Bahamas to Bermuda
AZORES – PORTUGAL MAINLAND
🧭 OVERVIEW
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Route: Azores (e.g., Horta, Faial) to Lisbon (mainland Portugal)
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Distance: ~800 to 1,000 nautical miles (depending on your port of departure and arrival)
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Duration: 6–10 days (average for cruising yachts, depending on wind and routing)
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Season: Best time is May to September; outside of this window, expect more lows and heavier Atlantic weather
⛵ ROUTE OPTIONS
1. Direct Route
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Faial (Azores) ➝ Lisbon
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Rhumb line distance ~870 NM
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Oceanic sailing until you approach the continental shelf near Cabo da Roca
2. Coastal Approach via Porto
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Faial ➝ Porto ➝ Lisbon
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Adds safety and flexibility with a stop on the mainland’s northwest coast
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Recommended if you’re waiting for weather or need repairs/provisioning
🌬️ WIND & WEATHER
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Prevailing Winds (May–September):
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Azores High dominates: NE trades or light variable winds
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Often beam to broad reach on port tack if routing N-NE out of Horta first
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Fall/Winter:
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Lows track across the North Atlantic; expect more frequent SW–W winds, squalls, and rougher seas
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⚓ LANDFALL & PORTS
Suggested Landfall:
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Cascais: Good first stop, protected marina at the mouth of the Tagus River, easier than entering Lisbon proper if arriving at night or tired
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Lisbon (Doca de Alcântara, Marina Parque das Nações): Further up the Tagus, good facilities and access to the city
Optional Stops:
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Ponta Delgada (São Miguel): Staging point if leaving from eastern Azores
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Porto (Leixões Marina): Safe harbor before rounding Cabo da Roca
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Nazaré or Peniche: More protected ports along the coast if a stop is needed due to weather
⚠️ NOTES & CONSIDERATIONS
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Watch for fog near the Azores and Portuguese coast, especially in early summer
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Shipping traffic increases significantly near the Iberian shelf and as you approach the entrance to Lisbon
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Keep an eye out for Portuguese man o’ war and floating debris in calm zones
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VHF and AIS essential for this route
WINDS
Tides and Currents
SWELL AND WAVES
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Bermuda offers a unique and captivating sailing experience, thanks to its subtropical climate and favorable weather conditions. The island enjoys mild temperatures year-round, with average highs ranging from 68°F (20°C) in winter to 85°F (29°C) in summer. The warm waters of the Gulf Stream ensure that sea temperatures are pleasant, ranging from 66°F (19°C) in winter to 83°F (28°C) in summer, making it ideal for water activities.
The best time for sailing in Bermuda is from April to October, when the conditions are most favorable. During this period, sailors can expect steady easterly trade winds averaging 10-15 knots, providing excellent sailing conditions. The island’s location in the Atlantic Ocean means that weather can change rapidly, so sailors should be prepared for varying conditions, including occasional squalls and tropical storms.
Navigating Bermuda’s waters requires careful attention to the numerous reefs and shoals that surround the island. However, these natural barriers also create sheltered anchorages and calm bays, perfect for mooring and exploring. The crystal-clear waters offer incredible visibility, making it easy to spot underwater hazards.
Overall, Bermuda’s combination of reliable winds, warm temperatures, and stunning seascapes make it a premier destination for sailors seeking both adventure and relaxation in a picturesque setting
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MARINAS IN BERMUDA
- Royal Bermuda Yacht Club
- Description: Established in 1844, this prestigious club offers excellent facilities, including a clubhouse, restaurant, and full-service marina. It’s located in Hamilton, the capital city, providing easy access to local amenities.
- Coordinates: 32°17.06’N, 64°47.05’W
- Dockyard Marina
- Description: Situated at the historic Royal Naval Dockyard, this marina offers modern facilities amidst a cultural hub with museums, shops, and restaurants. It’s a popular spot for both locals and visitors.
- Coordinates: 32°19.29’N, 64°50.23’W
- St. George’s Dinghy & Sports Club
- Description: Located in the UNESCO World Heritage Site of St. George’s, this club offers a more intimate setting with great access to the town’s historical sites and beautiful waters for sailing and fishing.
- Coordinates: 32°22.83’N, 64°40.55’W
- Riley’s Marina
- Description: A smaller, family-owned marina in Hamilton Parish, offering a friendly atmosphere with essential services for cruisers and local boaters. It’s well-known for its personal touch and local knowledge.
- Coordinates: 32°18.05’N, 64°43.10’W
MAIN LOCAL WEATHER WEBSITE BERMUDA
SEVERE WEATHER BERMUDA
BERMUDA PILOT CHARTS
Pilot Charts depict averages in prevailing winds and currents, air and sea temperatures, wave heights, visibility, barometric pressure, and weather conditions at different times of the year. The information used to compile these averages was obtained from oceanographic and meteorologic observations over many decades during the late 18th and 19th centuries.The charts are intended to aid the navigator in selecting the fastest and safest routes with regards to the expected weather and ocean conditions. For an explanation of historic Colombian Climatology and how to read Wind-roses follow this link.
PORTS OF ENTRY
PORTS OF ENTRY BERMUDA
St George’s Harbour | 🇧🇲 BERMUDA
DOCUMENTS
Rules for Entry BERMUDA
A valid, machine-readable passport is the required document for entry into Bermuda. All travelers, within 48 hours of departure, must complete the Bermuda travel authorization process online. Follow these other standard guidelines for clearance:
Arriving by Private Yacht
- All private yachts entering Bermuda’s waters are required to obtain Immigration, Customs and Health Clearance from HM Customs. The clearance facility is located at the eastern end of Ordnance Island.
- The Customs boarding officer, who normally carries out clearance for all three departments, brings all documents required for clearance on board. The officer will also collect a passenger tax of $35 USD from each person on board.
- Upon approach, visiting yachts must contact Bermuda Radio, which will guide you into St. George’s Harbour and direct you to Customs clearance berthing.
- Yachts arriving from overseas ports are usually cleared with a minimum of formality.
- To learn more about Bermuda Customs & Immigration visit Bermuda Airport’s website.
For more information please view the Guidance Document and visit Department of Marine and Port Services.
Extended Stays for Visiting Yachts & Their Crew
Effective June 1, 2011, visiting yachtsmen and their crew will be granted a maximum three-month stay on arrival in Bermuda. In keeping with best practice and standard immigration policy, visiting yachtsmen and their crew will be required to provide:
- Proof of citizenship
- Financial means to repatriate themselves by air (if required)
- Proof of health insurance
- A declaration not to seek or take up employment in Bermuda
The fee for this extended stay is set at a nominal $250 for each member of the crew and each passenger. Extensions for up to a further three months will also be permitted on application to the Department of Immigration. The fee is $100.
MONEY
The BMD is pegged to the U.S. dollar at a rate of 1:1, and American currency is often used interchangeably on the island. Bermuda is a British Overseas Territory, but it has its own parliament and currency. The Bermudian dollar replaced the Bermudian pound in 1970.
COST OF LIVING
In 2021, Bermuda was again the most expensive place in the world when it topped the world’s Cost of Living Index as measured by Numbeo.com, beating out all other countries by wide margins in cost of rent, cost of living, cost of groceries and even a restaurant price index.
• Family of four estimated monthly costs are $6,713.87 without rent.
• A single person estimated monthly costs are $1,842.17 without rent.
Bermuda – SAR (SEARCH AND RESCUE) – CONTACTS
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Fax1-441-297-1530
Bermuda Maritime Operations Centre (RCC Bermuda)Websitehttp://www.rccbermuda.bm
MUST SEE
1. Horseshoe Bay Beach
- Coordinates: 32°15.48’N, 64°48.73’W
- Description: Horseshoe Bay Beach is Bermuda’s most famous and photographed beach. Known for its stunning pink sand and clear turquoise waters, this crescent-shaped beach offers a picturesque setting for sunbathing, swimming, and snorkeling. The beach is well-equipped with amenities including a café, restrooms, and equipment rentals. The calm, shallow waters make it a family-friendly destination, while the nearby coves and rock formations provide more secluded spots for those seeking tranquility.
2. Royal Naval Dockyard
- Coordinates: 32°19.40’N, 64°50.57’W
- Description: The Royal Naval Dockyard, located on Ireland Island, is a historic site and cultural hub. Built in the early 19th century, it served as a strategic military base for the British Royal Navy. Today, the Dockyard is home to several attractions, including the National Museum of Bermuda, the Dockyard Glassworks, and the Bermuda Craft Market. Visitors can explore the impressive maritime history, enjoy shopping, dining, and partake in various activities such as dolphin encounters at Dolphin Quest.
3. St. George’s Town
- Coordinates: 32°22.84’N, 64°40.53’W
- Description: St. George’s Town, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is the oldest continuously inhabited English town in the New World. Founded in 1612, it boasts well-preserved colonial architecture, narrow winding streets, and historical landmarks. Key sites include St. Peter’s Church, the oldest Anglican church outside the British Isles, and the Unfinished Church, a picturesque Gothic ruin. The town also features museums, art galleries, and charming shops, offering a rich cultural and historical experience.
4. Crystal Caves
- Coordinates: 32°19.39’N, 64°42.60’W
- Description: Discovered in 1907, the Crystal Caves are one of Bermuda’s most stunning natural attractions. The caves feature dramatic stalactites and stalagmites, as well as clear underground pools. Guided tours take visitors along illuminated pathways and floating bridges, offering a mesmerizing view of the crystal formations and the reflective waters below. The nearby Fantasy Caves offer an equally impressive subterranean adventure with intricate limestone formations.
5. Gibbs Hill Lighthouse
- Coordinates: 32°15.65’N, 64°47.90’W
- Description: Built in 1846, Gibbs Hill Lighthouse is one of the oldest cast-iron lighthouses in the world. Standing at 117 feet tall, it offers breathtaking panoramic views of Bermuda from its observation deck. Visitors can climb the 185 steps to the top for a sweeping vista of the island and the surrounding ocean. The lighthouse also features a gift shop and a restaurant in the former keeper’s cottage, providing a unique dining experience with stunning views.
6. Bermuda Aquarium, Museum, and Zoo (BAMZ)
- Coordinates: 32°19.78’N, 64°43.29’W
- Description: Located in Flatts Village, BAMZ is a popular family attraction that combines an aquarium, a natural history museum, and a zoo. The aquarium showcases the diverse marine life of Bermuda’s waters, including colorful fish, sea turtles, and sharks. The museum offers exhibits on the island’s geological history and natural environment. The zoo houses a variety of animals from around the world, including lemurs, flamingos, and reptiles, set in naturalistic habitats.
7. Elbow Beach
- Coordinates: 32°16.78’N, 64°46.50’W
- Description: Elbow Beach is a beautiful stretch of pink sand beach located on Bermuda’s South Shore. Known for its calm, clear waters, it’s a favorite spot for swimming, snorkeling, and paddleboarding. The beach is home to several resorts, offering amenities such as restaurants, bars, and water sports rentals. The reef-protected waters are teeming with marine life, making it an excellent location for snorkeling and exploring underwater coral gardens.
8. Spittal Pond Nature Reserve
- Coordinates: 32°18.83’N, 64°43.32’W
- Description: Spittal Pond Nature Reserve, the largest nature reserve in Bermuda, spans 64 acres and offers a rich biodiversity. The reserve features walking trails, birdwatching opportunities, and historical landmarks such as Portuguese Rock, inscribed by shipwrecked sailors in 1543. The varied habitats, including coastal areas, salt marshes, and freshwater ponds, support a wide range of flora and fauna. It’s an ideal spot for nature enthusiasts and hikers seeking tranquility and natural beauty.
9. Bermuda Underwater Exploration Institute (BUEI)
- Coordinates: 32°17.61’N, 64°47.07’W
- Description: BUEI is an educational and interactive museum dedicated to the exploration and conservation of Bermuda’s marine environment. The institute features exhibits on shipwrecks, deep-sea exploration, and the island’s maritime history. Highlights include the Ocean Discovery Centre, showcasing artifacts from famous shipwrecks, and the Blue Echo, a submersible simulator offering an immersive experience of underwater exploration. BUEI also hosts lectures, films, and educational programs for all ages.
10. Warwick Long Bay
- Coordinates: 32°15.82’N, 64°48.60’W
- Description: Warwick Long Bay is one of Bermuda’s longest and most scenic beaches, stretching nearly half a mile along the South Shore. The beach features soft pink sand, dramatic limestone cliffs, and crystal-clear waters. It’s a popular spot for swimming, snorkeling, and picnicking, with shallow reefs just offshore teeming with marine life. The adjacent Warwick Playground and Nature Reserve offer walking trails and additional recreational opportunities.
11. Bermuda Botanical Gardens
- Coordinates: 32°17.35’N, 64°46.37’W
- Description: Spanning 36 acres in Paget Parish, the Bermuda Botanical Gardens showcase a diverse collection of plants and trees. The gardens feature themed sections, including a palm garden, a flowering shrub garden, and a sensory garden designed for the visually impaired. Visitors can also explore the Camden House, the official residence of Bermuda’s Premier, and the Masterworks Museum of Bermuda Art, which exhibits works inspired by the island’s natural beauty.
12. Fort St. Catherine
- Coordinates: 32°23.08’N, 64°40.51’W
- Description: Fort St. Catherine, located at the northern tip of St. George’s Island, is a historic fortification dating back to 1614. The fort has been extensively restored and now serves as a museum, showcasing Bermuda’s military history. Visitors can explore the fort’s ramparts, tunnels, and exhibits, including a collection of antique weaponry and artifacts. The site offers stunning views of the surrounding ocean and St. Catherine’s Beach, a pristine and secluded beach ideal for swimming and relaxation.
REPAIRS AND SERVICE PROVIDERS
- Bermuda Yacht Services
- Description: This full-service marina in St. George’s provides a range of services including customs clearance assistance, provisioning, and repair services. It’s a favorite stop for many yachts crossing the Atlantic.
- Coordinates: 32°22.85’N, 64°40.52’W