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AZORES CREATES LARGEST MARINE PROTECTED AREA IN THE NORTH ATLANTIC

AZORES 🇵🇹 Azores CREATES LARGEST

MARINE PROTECTED AREA

Cruising the Azores Just Got Better

 

The Azures are made up of nine volcanic islands.

The Azores, an archipelago situated in the North Atlantic Ocean, is a sailor’s paradise. Comprised of nine volcanic islands, underwater mountain ranges, and rich biodiversity on land and in the surrounding sea this autonomous region of Portuguese territory offers a unique blend of breathtaking landscapes, rich culture, and ideal sailing conditions. For yachts and sailboats, cruising the Azores provides an opportunity to explore unspoiled nature, vibrant communities, and a wide array of maritime experiences.  The islands are about 900 nautical miles west of mainland Portugal, making them accessible from both Europe and North America. Navigation in the Azores is generally straightforward, thanks to well-marked channels and reliable nautical charts. However, sailors should be prepared for variable weather conditions and the occasional challenge posed by the archipelago’s volcanic topography.  The nine islands are divided into three groups: the Eastern Group (São Miguel and Santa Maria), the Central Group (Terceira, Graciosa, São Jorge, Pico, and Faial), and the Western Group (Flores and Corvo). Each group offers distinct attractions and cruising experiences.

The best time to cruise in the Azures is in the summer.

Last year a global pact was adopted by the United Nations to protect 30% of the Earth's land and sea by 2030.  This month, the a regional assembly of Portugal's Azures Islands took the leading step towards this goal by designating expansive marine protection which now represents the largest Marine Protected Area in the North Atlantic.  The protection creates two areas: a fully protected area of sea marking it as a safe haven for biodiversity and natural resources, and a highly protected area of sea surrounding the islands.  The distinction being that in the latter selective and light fishing is permitted.

World leaders are gathered this week in Columbia for the UN Biodiversity Conference COP16 and this recent announcement by the Azures will hopefully be an inspiration to other nations to make strides to protect their 30% of the earth's land and sea that they can to preserve the world's biodiversity.  According to Oceanographic Magazine, "Marine Protected Areas are widely recognized as the most effective tool in the global effort to reverse biodiversity loss and build ocean resilience against climate change. The Azores leadership has been earmarked by commentators as ‘particularly inspiring’ given that only 2.8% of the world’s oceans are currently fully or highly protected.

A report issued by Greenpeace International earlier this week warns that at the current rate of development in ocean protection, the United Nations stands to miss its critical 2030 target by a full eight decades. This means the ambitions of the 30×30 target – at the current pace of success – won’t be realized until 2107."

José Manuel Bolieiro, president of the Regional Government of the Azores said, “The Azores has long been known for its unique ocean nature, and with this decision, we are driving the way forward to a productive, vibrant ocean.  The sea is an integral part of our collective identity, being vital socially, culturally, and economically. We are committed to protect and recover our ocean to support a healthy blue economy. Our decision through a science-based and participatory process leading to the protection of 30% of our seas serves as an example that other regions must follow now to ensure the future health of the planet.”

The process by which the Regional Government of Azores achieved this protection may also be an example to other nations.  This decision was not made by an authoritarian ruler at the expense of livelihoods and local sustainability.  Rather the decision to create the largest marine protection area in North America was reached through "an extensive participatory process".   This process included over 40 meetings with representatives from various sectors, including those within fishing, maritime transport, maritime tourism, and environmental non-governmental organizations.

“The result was the collaborative design of a network of marine protected areas that benefits people, nature, and the economy, based on the best available science in the region,” said representatives of the Azores.

This ketch found a calm and secluded anchorage in the Azures.

Cruising the Azores with the new Marine Protected Area offers an unparalleled yachting and sailing adventure. The archipelago’s diverse landscapes, rich cultural heritage, and excellent sailing conditions make it a premier destination for sailors. Whether exploring the historical streets of Angra do Heroísmo, hiking the volcanic trails of Pico, or enjoying the serene beauty of Graciosa, the Azores provide a wealth of experiences for every sailor. Navigating these enchanting islands requires preparation and respect for the natural environment, but the rewards are well worth the effort. The Azores’ unique blend of maritime tradition, natural beauty, and welcoming communities ensure that every cruise is a memorable journey.


People'ing in the Americas

THE DISCOVERY OF THE LANDMASS OF THE MODERN AMERICAS did not begin with Christopher Columbus.  The most long-standing and widely held theory has been that people entered the Americas in the north at the tail end of the last ice age some 10-15,000 years ago and began to settle across the land.  This long standing theory holds that homo sapiens came across the Bering Straight on a now extinct land bridge from Asia.  However, recent finding across the Americas are questioning this theory and proposing other theories.   Interestingly, the study of Home Sapien migration through science, archeology, geneology and more continues to uncover more and more clues that cloud the picture of how and when homo sapiens populated the Americas more than they are shedding light on the mystery.    Basically, people came overland by foot or people came by water from the east or the west.  Experts have and continue to piece together the past with new findings and new ideas, yet sometimes the mystery just gets bigger.  Regarding the 'by water theory from the west' according to Megan Gannon from Sapiens.org,

"According to this coastal migration theory, some 16,000 years ago the ice had retreated from the coastlines of the Pacific Northwest, such that seafaring people could take advantage of coastal resources like kelp forests to navigate all the way down the shores of California, eventually reaching sites like Monte Verde in Chile.

Proving the coastal theory is tricky. No wooden boats from that era have been found along the shore. The earliest campsites along the ancient Pacific coastline may be lost for good due to erosion and sea level rise. Yet scholars have some clues that people were living along the Pacific coast, including the footprints at Calvert Island.

Evidence of human habitation from at least 13,000 years ago on the Channel Islands in California suggests that people had the skills to build boats and reach these land masses, which were islands even then. In the last 15 years, archaeologists at Cedros Island off the coast of Baja California in Mexico have found traces of a nearly 13,000-year-old settlement. Some archaeologists, such as Loren Davis of Oregon State University, are turning to methods such as coring—removing of a long column of soil—to search for hints of now-underwater prehistoric sites along the Pacific continental shelf."

*NOTE: Cedros Island is on the southbounders route down the Pacific side of the Baja Peninsula.  Multiple anchorages can be found.  The fall is often a good time to use the southern Anchorage: https://goodnautical.com/mexico-pacific/anchorage/isla-cedros-s

This stone artifact is one of many found on the Channel Islands off the coast of California that suggest mariners have traveled to this site for at least 10,000 years. Photo Credit: National Park Service

Nonetheless, while their daily life was not recorded or documented as ours it today, humans were in the Americas for likely over 10,000 years before the first life-changing contact with Europeans occurred in the end of the 15th century.  A that time the Americas were the home to more than 50 million, perhaps as many as 75 million highly evolved communities of people.  These ancient civilizations had experienced many changes and many catastrophes during their long history in the Americas, yet it seems certain that none of these experiences was as tragically transforming as the arrival of Europeans. In the long term, European settlers came to dominate most areas of the Americas.  But even in the short term—in the first violent years of Spanish and Portuguese exploration and conquest—the impact of the new arrivals was profound.  Battles between Natives and Europeans in the Americas continued but there were also many other interactions through which these very different civilizations shaped one another, learned from one another, and changed each other permanently and profoundly.

An early map of the continents

Europeans were almost entirely unaware of the existence of the Americas before the fifteenth century. A few early wanderers like Leif Eriksson, an eleventh-century Norse seaman, and perhaps others—had glimpsed parts of the New World and had demonstrated that Europeans were capable of crossing the ocean to reach it. But even if their discoveries had become common knowledge (and they had not), there would have been little incentive for others to follow. Europe in the middle ages (roughly 500– 1500 A.D.) was not an adventurous civilization.  Europe was divided into innumerable small duchies and kingdoms, its outlook was overwhelmingly provincial. Subsistence agriculture predominated, and commerce was limited; few merchants looked beyond the boundaries of their own regions.  The Roman Catholic Church exercised a measure of spiritual authority over most of the continent, and the Holy Roman Empire provided at least a nominal political center.  Even so, real power was for the most part widely dispersed; only rarely could a single leader launch a great venture.  Gradually, however, conditions in Europe changed so that by the late fifteenth century, interest in overseas exploration had grown.

15th Century: WHY EUROPEANS LOOKED WESTWARD

Two important and related changes provided the first incentive for Europeans to look toward new lands. One was a result of the significant population growth in fifteenth-century Europe following the Black Death.  The Black death was a catastrophic epidemic of the bubonic plague that began in Constantinople in 1347, which had decimated Europe, killing (according to some estimates) more than a third of the people of the continent and debilitating its already limited economy.  By the early 1500's the population had rebounded.  With that growth came a rise in land values, a re-awakening of commerce, and a general increase in prosperity.  Affluent landlords became eager to purchase goods from distant regions, and a new merchant class emerged to meet their demand. As trade increased, and as advances in navigation and shipbuilding made long-distance sea travel more feasible, interest in developing new markets, finding new products, and opening new trade routes rapidly increased. Paralleling this rise of commerce in Europe, and in part responsible for it, was the rise of new governments that were more united and powerful than the feeble political entities of the feudal past. In the western areas of Europe, the authority of the distant pope and the even more distant Holy Roman Emperor was necessarily weak.  As a result, strong new monarchs emerged there and created centralized nation-states, with national courts, national armies, and—perhaps most important—national tax systems. As these ambitious kings and queens consolidated their power and increased their wealth, they became eager to enhance the commercial growth of their nations. Ever since the early fourteenth century, when Marco Polo and other adventurers had returned from Asia bearingexotic goods (spices, fabrics, dyes) and even more exotic tales, Europeans who hoped for commercial glory had dreamed, above all, of trade with the East. For two centuries, that trade had been limited by the difficulties of the long, arduous overland journey to the Asian courts. But in the fourteenth century, as the maritime capabilities of several western European societies increased and as Muslim societies seized control of the eastern routes to Asia, there began to be serious talk of finding a faster, safer sea route to Asia. Such dreams gradually found a receptive audience in the courts of the new monarchs. By the late fifteenth century, some of them were ready to finance daring voyages of exploration. The first to do so were the Portuguese. They were the preeminent maritime power in the fifteenth century, in large part because of the work of one man, Prince Henry the Navigator. Henry’s own principal interest was not in finding a sea route to Asia, but in exploring the western coast of Africa. He dreamed of establishing a Christian empire there to aid in his country’s wars against the Moors of northern Africa; and he hoped to find new stores of gold.

Duke of Viseu (4 March 1394 – 13 November 1460), better known as Prince Henry the Navigator
The ships of Prince Henry the Navigator's day

The explorations Prince Henry began did not fulfill his own hopes and yet, they ultimately led farther than he had dreamed.  Some of Henry’s mariners went as far south as Cape Verde, on Africa’s west coast. In 1486 (six years after Henry’s death), Bartholomeu Dias rounded the southern tip of Africa (the Cape of Good Hope); and in 1497–1498 Vasco da Gama of Portugal proceeded all the way around the cape to India. In 1500, the next fleet bound for India, under the command of Pedro Cabral, was blown westward off its southerly course and happened upon the coast of Brazil.

 

Map made by Juan de la Cosa in 1500, first representation of the New World

But by then another man, in the service of another country, who had already encountered the New World. Christopher Columbus, who was born and reared in Genoa, Italy, obtained most of his early seafaring experience in the service of the Portuguese.  As a young man, he became intrigued with the possibility, already under discussion in many seafaring circles, of reaching Asia by going not east but west. Columbus’s hopes rested on several basic misconceptions. He believed that the world was far smaller than it actually is. He also believed that the Asian continent extended farther eastward than it actually does. He assumed, therefore, that the Atlantic was narrow enough to be crossed on a relatively brief voyage. It did not occur to him that anything lay to the west between Europe and Asia. Columbus failed to win support for his plan in Portugal, so he turned to Spain. The Spaniards were not yet as advanced a maritime people as the Portuguese, but they were at least as energetic and ambitious. In the fifteenth century, the marriage of Spain’s two most powerful regional rulers, Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile, had produced the strongest monarchy in Europe. Like other young monarchies, it soon grew eager to demonstrate its strength by sponsoring new commercial ventures. Columbus appealed to Queen Isabella for support for his proposed westward voyage. In 1492, having consolidated the monarchy’s position within Spain itself, Isabella agreed to Columbus’s request. Commanding ninety men and three ships—the Niña, the Pinta, and the Santa María — Columbus left Spain in August 1492 and sailed west into the Atlantic on what he thought was a straight course for Japan. Ten weeks later, he sighted land and assumed he had reached his target. In fact, he had landed on an island in the Bahamas. When he pushed on and encountered Cuba, he assumed he had reached China. He returned to Spain in triumph, bringing with him several captured natives as evidence of his achievement.

Replica ship of the Santa Maria, one of 3 ships captained by Christopher Columbus in 1492

(He called the people he found in what was to him The New World' "Indians" because he believed they were from the East Indies in the Pacific.) But Columbus had not, of course, encountered the court of the great khan in China or the fabled wealth of the Indies.  A year later, therefore, he tried again, this time with a much larger expedition. As before, he headed into the Caribbean, discovering several other islands and leaving a small and short-lived colony on Hispaniola. On a third voyage, in 1498, he finally reached the mainland and cruised along the northern coast of South America. When he passed the mouth of the Orinoco River (in present-day Venezuela), he concluded for the first time that what he had discovered was not in fact an island off the coast of China, as he had assumed, but a separate continent; such a large freshwater stream, he realized, could emerge only from a large body of land. Still, he remained convinced that Asia was only a short distance away. And although he failed in his efforts to sail around the northeastern coast of South America to the Indies (he was blocked by the Isthmus of Panama), he returned to Spain believing that he had explored at least the fringes of the Far East. He continued to believe that until he died. Columbus’s celebrated accomplishments made him a popular hero for a time, but he ended his life in obscurity.  When Europeans at last gave a name to the New World, they ignored him. The distinction went instead to a Florentine merchant, Amerigo Vespucci, a member of a later Portuguese expedition to the New World who wrote a series of vivid descriptions of the lands he visited and who recognized the Americas as new continents. Columbus has been celebrated for centuries as the “Admiral of the Ocean Sea” (a title he struggled to have officially bestowed on him during his lifetime) and as a representative of the new, secular, scientific impulses of Renaissance Europe.  Columbus was also a deeply religious man, even something of a mystic  His voyages were inspired as much by his conviction that he was fulfilling a divine mission as by his interest in geography and trade. A strong believer in biblical prophecies, he came to see himself as a man destined to advance the coming of the millennium. “God made me the messenger of the new heaven and the new earth,” he wrote near the end of his life, “and he showed me the spot where to find it.”

A map showing areas the Portuguese and Spanish came to and claimed for their crown as they explored the ocean westward from Europe.

A similar combination of worldly and religious passions lay behind many subsequent efforts at exploration and settlement of the New World. Partly as a result of Columbus’s initiative, Spain began to devote greater resources and energy to maritime exploration and gradually replaced Portugal as the leading seafaring nation. The Spaniard Vasco de Balboa fought his way across the Isthmus of Panama in 1513 and became the first known European to gaze westward upon the great ocean that separated America from China and the Indies. Seeking access to that ocean, Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese in the employ of the Spanish, found the strait that now bears his name at the southern end of South America, struggled through the stormy narrows and into the ocean (so calm by contrast that he christened it the “Pacific”), then proceeded to the Philippines. There Magellan died in a conflict with the natives, but his expedition went on to complete the first known circumnavigation of the globe (1519–1522). By 1550, Spaniards had explored the coasts of North America as far north as Oregon in the west and Labrador in the east, as well as some of the interior regions of the continent.

While Humans as a species have been in the Americas for well over ten thousand years, the effect of European explorers upon their arrival in the late 1400's to the mid 1500's was staggering and swift.  While Christopher Columbus was not the first person to come to the Americas, he and his compatriots put a proverbial stake in the ground and claimed their discovery for their crown, their nation and the world.  Prior to this, the world outside of people's immediate environment had previously been so obscure.  European explorers came from their distant land, charting the ocean along the way, and encountered both lands and people they did not know existed and yet as a species humans, homo sapiens had existed on this round planet for hundreds of thousands of years.  How had they spread out so far and wide? How had they become so isolated from one another?  How had their stories been shared and lost?

Piecing together the past through the lens of today, available historic records, and scientific findings is no easy task.  In fact, it leads one to the Paradox of Knowledge that Albert Einsein described with “The more I learn, the more I realize how much I don’t know.” 


🇵🇹 AZORES to PORTUGAL 🇵🇹

Azores AZORES to PORTUGAL 🇵🇹

750 nm


MUST SEE: MONASTERY OF THE HIERONYMITES AND TOWER OF BELEM LISBON, PORTUGAL

MUST SEE: 🇵🇹 Monastery of the Hieronymites and Tower of Belém

Lisbon, Portugal 🇵🇹

The Monastery of Hieronymites was built in the 16th century and stands today as an architectural and historical treasure of Portugal

 

 

Nearby the Torre de Belem or Tower of Belém built in the same era guards the entrance to Lisbon Harbor, Portugal

The Monastery of the Hieronymites and the nearby Tower of Belém  are UNESCO world heritage sites that represent the story of the Portuguese Age of Discovery.  Standing along the Tagus River at the entrance to Lisbon harbor, the Monastery of the Hieronymites  and the Tower of Belém . To some the estuary the town of Belem sits on is a perfect metaphor for what the historical landmarks at Belém emphasize – Portuguese influence going out across the ocean and the consequences of all that came back across the sea.

THE MONASTERY OF HIERONYMITES or JERONIMOS

Construction of the Monastery of Hieronymites began in 1501 and culminated 100 years later in 1601.  Today the structure exemplifies Portuguese Gothic Manueline style art at its best.  The Monastery with built near the launch point of Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama's first voyage and its construction was funded by a tax on the profits of the yearly Portuguese Indai Armadas.  There was in fact a church in this spot falling into disrepair where it is said that Vasca da Gama and his men stopped to pray before their historic departure to the New World after which he proclaimed the discovery of the sea route to Asia.  In 1880, da Gama's remains and those of the poet Luis de Camoes (who celebrated da Gama's first voyage in his 1572 epic poem, The Lusiad), were moved to new carved tombs in the nave of the monastery's church, only a few meters away from the tombs of the kings Manuel I and John III, whom da Gama had served. The monastery was originally a monastery for the Order of Saint Jerome and was built in such proximity to the Tagus river so that sailors could stop in to pray for protection before setting out to sea.  It became the necropolis of the Portuguese royal dynasty of Aviz in the 16th century and was abandoned in 1833.  In 1983, the Jerónimos Monastery was classified as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, along with the nearby Tower of Belém .

The covered pathways around a grassy quadrangle were unusual in at the time.
The curved archways and intricately carved pillars display symbols tied to religion, royalty, nautical themes and nature.

THE TOWER OF Belém

The nearby Tower of Belém was built between 1514-1520 while the Monastery of Jerome was also under construction with the same stones.  The Tower was built during the reign of King Manuel I as a fortification defending the entry to Lisbon.  Indeed a heavily armed 1,000 ton ship, the Grande Nau, guarded the estuary at the mouth of the Tagus until the fort’s completion.  There are 16 or 17 openings for cannons and ditches around it that were used as dungeons.  The Tower was not a spartan fortification however; the Tower of Belém was also built elaborately as a symbol and a celebration of Portuguese power and triumph in the New World commemorating Vasco da Gama's famous expedition to Asia in the late 1490's.  By the early to mid 1800's the tower’s function changed into a lighthouse and customs house to collect tolls on mariners entering and exiting port.  The Tower is a reminder of the great maritime discoveries that laid the foundations of the modern world.  The Tower of Belém is considered one of the best examples of the architecture of its time, known as the Manueline style, but it also includes distinctive Moorish features such as ornately decorated turrets.  The Tower was adorned with intricate carvings much like the nearby monastery.  All the symbols had a bearing on passersby: some stand too welcome visitors, grant safe passage to explorers, others to protect the shores and people of Portugal while threatening and scaring off invaders.

From the top of the Tower there are sweeping views to the east to the fresh water coming from Portugal and and west to see the salt water coming in from the sea
From the Tower on the the mouth of the Tagus River, Portugal could defend itself from any invading force.
Intricate carvings adorn the Tower of Belém with religious, royal code of arms, and nautical and natural symbols.  

CENTRAL AMERICA CELEBRATES INDEPENDENCE FROM SPANISH RULE

MEXICO, GUATEMALA, NICARAGUA, HONDURAS, EL SALVADOR, AND COSTA RICA CELEBRATE INDEPENDENCE FROM SPANISH RULE

SEPTEMBER 15TH, 1821

Mexico celebrates their independence from Spain with parades, flags, fireworks, music, and dancing.

September 15, 1821 honors Mexican Independence and the signing of the Act of Independence of Central America, also known as the Act of Independence of Guatemala in which all these nations declared their independence from the Spanish Empire.  (Panama gained their independence separately later in 1821.)  This landmark day is celebrated as Independence Day in all of these countries today.  Festivities Include flags flying, parades, fireworks, and traditional food, music, and dancing.

Parade in Nicaragua celebrating Independence Day
Here, Costa Rica announces their annual Independence celebration.  Even though the exact date was not shared by each Central American country, the timeframe was similar and the effort was generally collective.  Today, they each celebrates their independence from Spanish rule on September 15, 1821

Hernan Cortez, arguably had the most dramatic impact of all the Spanish explorers especially in Mexico and Central America.  Born to an impoverished noble family, he sought a life of adventure and riches in the New World.  He trained as a notary before sailing to Hispaniola (modern day Haiti and Dominican Republic) as a colonist in 1504.  After becoming the colony’s notary, he played a key role in the conquest of Cuba in 1511.  In 1518 he was elected captain of the third expedition to what is now Mexico.  He had some bad relations with the governor of Cuba who upon Cortes' departure attempted to recall the expedition.  Cortes ignored this and embarked on the voyage with 500 men, weapons, and horses to conquer Mexico.  Upon arrival, he befriended some natives, made enemy's of others, and sired his first born with a native woman named Dona Maria who also served him as an interpreter.

The Spanish Galleons made landfall at Tabasco in March 1519.
Spaniard Hernando Cortes (1485-1547) led the Spanish Empire ashore in Mexico

And so it was that in 1519, Spanish conquistador and expedition leader, Hernan Cortés, made landfall with men and horses on the shores of what is now Tabasco, Mexico.  He and his forces saw to the demise of the Aztec Empire, made their way inland to Mexico City, and seized power.  While the indigenous people resisted mightily, the Spanish were relentless.  The diseases and weaponry they brought overtook indigenous populations from Mexico south.  Cortés thereby brought a large portion of what is now Mexico, and soon the rest of what is now Central America, under the rule of King Castile.  Thus began the first phase of Spanish colonization of the Americas.  Cortes' second in command, Pedro de Alvarado was commissioned to settle lands further to the south.  One by one, Alvarado colonized the areas that are now known as Guatemala (in 1523), Nicaragua & Costa Rica (in 1524), El Salvador (in 1528), and Honduras (in 1528).  These countries, including what is now the state of Chiapas (in 1609) became known as the Captaincy General of Guatemala for which Spain's King Philip III held dominion.

Spanish and Portuguese Empires 1581-1640: The Spanish and Portuguese went out to the New World to expand their empire, trade, acquire riches, spread Catholicism and bring back wealth.  This worked for them for over 300 years.

 

After just over 300 years of Spanish rule, in the early 19th century global changes began to unsettle Spanish power making way for leaders in what is now Central America to declare their independence from Spain.  In Europe, Spain was engaged in the Napoleanic wars with took their attention away from their colonies across the Atlantic.  Further, with inspiration from Enlightenment thinkers, Mexico's fight for independence from Spain, and the American colonies' independence from England, and the French Revolution, José Cecilio del Valle, a Honduran lawyer, wrote The Act of Independence document bringing together a delegation of leaders from what is now  Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, El Salvador, and Honduras.  They gathered in Guatemala city to create and sign the Act of Independence of Guatemala and to achieve sovereignty from Spain.

Soon after this declaration of independence these countries were briefly annexed by the newly independent Mexico.  In 1823 delegates gathered again to form a federal republic- the United Provinces of Central America.  The delegates drew up a constitution that provided leadership and regional autonomy.  Overtime, conflicts arose between the separate nations; the United Provinces of Central America eventually fell apart and the leaders of each distinct nation once more declared their independence.

National celebrations today have grown and can begin before September 15th and go through the month celebrating national pride, independence, culture and heritage.

In Guatemala, in addition to parades, people may carry torches from village to village.
Independence day celebration at a primary school in El Salvador
Honduras celebrates their independence: "Honduras, My Land Live Your Independence"

To read more on this subject this article covers quite a lot: https://shunoutdoor.com/article/why-does-central-america-celebrate-independence-day

This article is for the visual learners among us: https://studylib.net/doc/10144677/independence-movement-latin-america


Marina Munchal

Marina Funchal 🇵🇹 Sponsors the Ocean Posse

Marina Funchal Madeira Sponsors the Ocean Posse
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We are please to sponsor the Ocean Posse with a 10 % discount

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PORTUGAL 🇵🇹 Cruising Portugal with the Ocean Posse

Cruising Portugal

Portugal

The Portuguese coast, stretching over 800 kilometers along the Atlantic Ocean, offers a diverse and captivating experience for sailors. From the picturesque cliffs of the Algarve to the vibrant cities of Lisbon and Porto, Portugal’s maritime heritage and scenic beauty make it an ideal destination for cruising. This guide covers the main ports and anchorages along the Portuguese coast, providing detailed insights to help you plan an unforgettable sailing adventure.

Northern Portugal

Porto

Porto Leixões Marina Porto, the second-largest city in Portugal, is known for its rich history, stunning architecture, and, of course, port wine. Porto Leixões Marina is the main marina serving the city, located just 10 kilometers from the city center. The marina is well-equipped with modern facilities, including fuel, water, electricity, and Wi-Fi. It’s a great starting point to explore the Douro River and the historic Ribeira district.

Douro River Anchorage For those looking to anchor, the Douro River provides a unique experience. You can anchor in the river, close to the mouth, and enjoy the scenic views of the city’s iconic bridges and riverside landmarks. Be mindful of the tidal currents and commercial traffic in the area.

Aveiro

Aveiro Marina Often referred to as the “Venice of Portugal” due to its picturesque canals, Aveiro is a charming coastal city. Aveiro Marina is located within a lagoon and offers safe and sheltered berthing. The marina provides all essential amenities, and from here, you can explore the city’s Art Nouveau buildings, salt pans, and colorful moliceiro boats.

Figueira da Foz

Marina Figueira da Foz Located at the mouth of the Mondego River, Figueira da Foz is a popular seaside resort town. Marina Figueira da Foz is well-protected and offers good facilities, including a boatyard, restaurants, and shops. The town is famous for its extensive beaches and lively nightlife, making it a great stop for both relaxation and entertainment.

Central Portugal

Nazaré

Nazaré Marina Nazaré is renowned for its massive waves, attracting surfers from around the world. The marina here is smaller but well-maintained, providing essential services like fuel, water, and electricity. While the waves can be intimidating, the marina itself is safe, and the town offers a glimpse into traditional Portuguese fishing culture.

Peniche

Peniche Marina Peniche is a major fishing port with a rugged coastline and excellent seafood. The marina provides good shelter and all necessary facilities. It’s an ideal base for visiting the Berlenga Islands, a nature reserve known for its crystal-clear waters and diverse marine life. The town’s historic fort and charming old quarter are also worth exploring.

Cascais

Marina de Cascais Located close to Lisbon, Cascais is a sophisticated coastal town with a rich maritime history. Marina de Cascais is one of the best-equipped marinas in Portugal, offering a wide range of services, including a shipyard, restaurants, and shopping. The marina is situated in a beautiful bay, providing easy access to the town’s elegant streets, museums, and sandy beaches.

Lisbon

Doca de Alcântara Marina Lisbon, the vibrant capital of Portugal, is a must-visit for any cruiser. Doca de Alcântara Marina is centrally located and offers excellent facilities, including fuel, water, electricity, and Wi-Fi. The marina is a short distance from Lisbon’s historic neighborhoods, such as Alfama and Bairro Alto, and major landmarks like the Belém Tower and Jerónimos Monastery.

Doca do Bom Sucesso Another option in Lisbon is Doca do Bom Sucesso, located near the Belém district. This marina is smaller but offers good amenities and is close to some of Lisbon’s most iconic sites. From here, you can easily visit the Monument to the Discoveries and the famous Pastéis de Belém bakery.

Southern Portugal

Sesimbra

Sesimbra Marina Sesimbra is a picturesque fishing town known for its seafood and beautiful beaches. Sesimbra Marina offers good protection and essential facilities. The town is located in the Arrábida Natural Park, providing stunning coastal scenery and opportunities for hiking and diving. The medieval castle overlooking the town is also worth a visit.

Setúbal

Marina de Tróia Setúbal, located on the Sado River estuary, is an important port city with a rich cultural heritage. Marina de Tróia, across the river from Setúbal, offers modern facilities in a tranquil setting. The Tróia Peninsula boasts beautiful beaches, Roman ruins, and a casino. The nearby Arrábida Natural Park provides more opportunities for outdoor activities.

Sines

Sines Marina Sines is the birthplace of the famous explorer Vasco da Gama. The marina is well-sheltered and provides good facilities. Sines has a charming old town, a historic castle, and a lively cultural scene. The town is also known for its music festival, FMM Sines, held every summer.

Algarve

The Algarve region is renowned for its stunning coastline, featuring dramatic cliffs, golden beaches, and quaint fishing villages. This area is a paradise for sailors, offering numerous ports and anchorages.

Lagos

Marina de Lagos Lagos is one of the most popular destinations in the Algarve, known for its historic center, vibrant nightlife, and beautiful beaches. Marina de Lagos is a top-notch facility, offering a wide range of services, including fuel, water, electricity, and Wi-Fi. The marina is located within walking distance of the town’s attractions, making it a convenient and enjoyable stop.

Lagos Anchorage If you prefer anchoring, the bay near Lagos offers good holding and protection, particularly in the summer months. The anchorage provides easy access to the town and its stunning coastline, including the famous Ponta da Piedade cliffs.

Portimão

Marina de Portimão Portimão is a major port city with a lively atmosphere and excellent seafood. Marina de Portimão is one of the largest marinas in the Algarve, offering comprehensive services and facilities. The marina is situated near the city center and the popular Praia da Rocha beach, making it a convenient base for exploring the area.

Alvor Anchorage For a more secluded experience, consider anchoring in the Alvor River estuary, located a few miles west of Portimão. The estuary provides good holding and is well-protected, offering a tranquil setting surrounded by nature. The nearby village of Alvor is charming and offers several good restaurants and bars.

Vilamoura

Marina de Vilamoura Vilamoura is a luxury resort town known for its golf courses, casinos, and upscale amenities. Marina de Vilamoura is the largest marina in Portugal, offering top-notch facilities and services. The marina is surrounded by restaurants, shops, and entertainment options, making it a vibrant and convenient stop for sailors.

Faro

Faro Marina Faro, the capital of the Algarve, offers a blend of historic charm and modern amenities. Faro Marina is smaller but well-located, providing easy access to the city’s historic center and cultural attractions. The nearby Ria Formosa lagoon is a protected area with beautiful islands and sandbanks, ideal for exploring by boat.

Ria Formosa Anchorage For a unique anchoring experience, consider the Ria Formosa lagoon. This protected area offers several anchorage spots, such as Culatra Island and Armona Island. The lagoon is a haven for birdwatching and offers pristine beaches and clear waters, perfect for swimming and snorkeling.

Tavira

Tavira Marina Tavira is a charming town with a rich history and beautiful architecture. The marina is located within the town and offers essential facilities for sailors. Tavira’s historic center, with its Roman bridge and numerous churches, is a delight to explore. The nearby Ilha de Tavira offers stunning beaches and crystal-clear waters.

Vila Real de Santo António

Marina de Vila Real de Santo António Located near the border with Spain, Vila Real de Santo António is a pleasant town with a unique blend of Portuguese and Spanish influences. The marina offers good facilities and is a convenient stop for those planning to sail into Spain. The town’s grid-like layout and Pombaline architecture are interesting to explore, and the nearby beaches of Monte Gordo are ideal for relaxation.

Practical Tips for Cruising the Portuguese Coast

Weather and Climate

The Portuguese coast enjoys a Mediterranean climate with hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. The best time for cruising is from May to October, when the weather is warm and stable. The prevailing winds are from the north (the “Nortada”), especially during the summer months, making it ideal for southbound sailing.

Navigation and Safety

Portuguese waters are generally safe for sailing, but it’s important to be aware of a few key considerations:

  • Tides and Currents: The tidal range along the Portuguese coast can be significant, particularly in estuaries and river mouths. Be mindful of tidal currents when entering and leaving ports and anchorages.
  • Fishing Gear: Be cautious of fishing gear and pots, which are common in coastal waters. These can pose a hazard to navigation, especially at night.
  • Weather Changes: While the weather is generally stable in the summer, sudden changes can occur. Keep an eye on weather forecasts and be prepared for quick adjustments.

Cultural Highlights

Portugal’s rich cultural heritage is evident in its coastal towns and cities. Here are a few highlights to consider during your cruise:

  • Gastronomy: Portugal is famous for its seafood, with dishes like grilled sardines, cataplana (seafood stew), and bacalhau (salt cod) being must-tries. Each region has its
















MARINAS IN PORTUGAL

List of Marinas in Portugal with Coordinates, Descriptions, and Contact Information

1. Porto Leixões Marina

  • Coordinates: 41°10.2′N, 8°42.4′W
  • Description: Located near the historic city of Porto, Porto Leixões Marina offers modern facilities including fuel, water, electricity, and Wi-Fi. The marina is a gateway to the Douro River and Porto’s cultural landmarks such as the Ribeira district and port wine cellars.
  • Contact: +351 229 966 352, marina@apdl.pt

2. Aveiro Marina

  • Coordinates: 40°38.3′N, 8°39.8′W
  • Description: Situated in a picturesque lagoon, Aveiro Marina is often called the “Venice of Portugal” for its canals and colorful boats. The marina provides essential amenities and access to Aveiro’s unique salt pans and Art Nouveau architecture.
  • Contact: +351 234 380 700, marina@cm-aveiro.pt

3. Marina Figueira da Foz

  • Coordinates: 40°09.6′N, 8°51.8′W
  • Description: At the mouth of the Mondego River, this marina offers excellent protection and facilities including a boatyard, restaurants, and shops. It is close to extensive beaches and the vibrant nightlife of Figueira da Foz.
  • Contact: +351 233 402 918, marina@portodeaveiro.pt

4. Nazaré Marina

  • Coordinates: 39°35.5′N, 9°04.5′W
  • Description: Famous for its massive waves, Nazaré Marina is a smaller facility offering basic services. It’s ideal for experiencing the traditional fishing culture and enjoying stunning coastal views.
  • Contact: +351 262 550 370, marina@nazarport.pt

5. Peniche Marina

  • Coordinates: 39°21.8′N, 9°22.5′W
  • Description: A major fishing port, Peniche Marina provides good shelter and facilities. It’s an excellent base for visiting the Berlenga Islands and exploring Peniche’s historic fort and charming old quarter.
  • Contact: +351 262 780 500, marina@cm-peniche.pt

6. Marina de Cascais

  • Coordinates: 38°41.5′N, 9°25.5′W
  • Description: Near Lisbon, Cascais Marina is one of the best-equipped marinas in Portugal with a wide range of services. It offers easy access to elegant streets, museums, and beaches of Cascais.
  • Contact: +351 214 822 118, marina@marinacascais.pt

7. Doca de Alcântara Marina

  • Coordinates: 38°42.0′N, 9°10.8′W
  • Description: Centrally located in Lisbon, this marina provides excellent facilities and is close to historic neighborhoods and major landmarks like Belém Tower and Jerónimos Monastery.
  • Contact: +351 213 922 203, doca.alcantara@portodelisboa.pt

8. Doca do Bom Sucesso

  • Coordinates: 38°41.7′N, 9°12.6′W
  • Description: Located near Lisbon’s Belém district, this smaller marina offers good amenities and proximity to iconic sites such as the Monument to the Discoveries.
  • Contact: +351 213 922 203, doca.bomsucesso@portodelisboa.pt

9. Sesimbra Marina

  • Coordinates: 38°26.8′N, 9°06.2′W
  • Description: A picturesque fishing town marina offering good protection and essential facilities. It’s located in the Arrábida Natural Park with opportunities for hiking and diving.
  • Contact: +351 212 288 018, marina@cm-sesimbra.pt

10. Marina de Tróia

  • Coordinates: 38°29.5′N, 8°54.1′W
  • Description: Situated across the river from Setúbal, this marina offers modern facilities and access to beautiful beaches, Roman ruins, and a casino on the Tróia Peninsula.
  • Contact: +351 265 490 500, marina@troiaresort.pt

11. Sines Marina

  • Coordinates: 37°57.0′N, 8°52.5′W
  • Description: The birthplace of Vasco da Gama, Sines Marina provides good shelter and facilities. The town offers a historic castle, cultural scene, and music festival.
  • Contact: +351 269 869 100, marina@portodesines.pt

12. Marina de Lagos

  • Coordinates: 37°06.4′N, 8°40.6′W
  • Description: A popular destination in the Algarve, Marina de Lagos provides top-notch facilities and access to the town’s historic center, nightlife, and stunning beaches.
  • Contact: +351 282 770 210, marina@marinalagos.pt

13. Marina de Portimão

  • Coordinates: 37°07.6′N, 8°31.6′W
  • Description: One of the largest marinas in the Algarve, it offers comprehensive services and is located near the city center and Praia da Rocha beach.
  • Contact: +351 282 400 680, marina@marinadeportimao.pt

14. Marina de Vilamoura

  • Coordinates: 37°04.8′N, 8°07.8′W
  • Description: The largest marina in Portugal, Vilamoura offers luxury facilities and is surrounded by restaurants, shops, and entertainment options.
  • Contact: +351 289 310 560, marina@vilamouraworld.com

15. Faro Marina

  • Coordinates: 37°00.5′N, 7°56.5′W
  • Description: A smaller marina in the capital of the Algarve, offering easy access to the historic center and the Ria Formosa lagoon’s beautiful islands.
  • Contact: +351 289 822 125, marina@faro.pt

16. Tavira Marina

  • Coordinates: 37°07.0′N, 7°38.0′W
  • Description: Located within Tavira, this marina offers essential facilities and access to the town’s historic center and nearby Ilha de Tavira’s stunning beaches.
  • Contact: +351 281 320 500, marina@cm-tavira.pt

17. Marina de Vila Real de Santo António

  • Coordinates: 37°11.5′N, 7°24.0′W
  • Description: Near the border with Spain, this marina offers good facilities and access to Vila Real de Santo António’s unique blend of Portuguese and Spanish influences.
  • Contact: +351 281 510 140, marina@vrsa.cm-algarve.pt











 WEATHER

CURRENTS

SWELL AND WAVES 

MAIN LOCAL WEATHER WEBSITE GIBRALTAR

https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/forecast/eykjqrrw2

SEVERE WEATHER PORTUGAL

PILOT CHARTS PORTUGAL CLIMATOLOGY

DOCUMENTS

MUST SEE

1. Belém Tower (Torre de Belém)

Location: 38°41.3′N 9°12.6′W
Description: This iconic tower, built in the early 16th century, stands as a testament to Portugal’s Age of Discoveries. Originally a fortress to guard the entrance to Lisbon’s harbor, it exemplifies the Manueline style with its intricate maritime motifs. Visitors can explore its dungeons, terraces, and enjoy panoramic views of the Tagus River.
Best Time to Visit: Spring (March to May) or Fall (September to October).

2. Jerónimos Monastery (Mosteiro dos Jerónimos)

Location: 38°41.9′N 9°12.3′W
Description: A masterpiece of Manueline architecture, the Jerónimos Monastery was built to commemorate Vasco da Gama’s voyage to India. Its ornate carvings and maritime symbols reflect Portugal’s seafaring heritage. The monastery also houses the tomb of Vasco da Gama.
Best Time to Visit: Spring or Fall.

3. Sintra

Location: 38°47.3′N 9°23.1′W
Description: Nestled in the Sintra Mountains, this fairy-tale town is known for its romantic 19th-century palaces, such as the Pena Palace, and its lush gardens. The town’s historic center and landscape are UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Best Time to Visit: Spring or early Summer (April to June).

4. Alcobaça Monastery (Mosteiro de Alcobaça)

Location: 39°32.1′N 8°58.3′W
Description: This Cistercian monastery, founded in the 12th century, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Its simple yet majestic Gothic architecture and the tombs of King Pedro I and Inês de Castro, whose tragic love story is legendary, are highlights.
Best Time to Visit: Spring or Fall.

5. Óbidos

Location: 39°21.5′N 9°9.3′W
Description: A charming medieval town, Óbidos is surrounded by well-preserved walls and dominated by a castle. Its cobbled streets, whitewashed houses, and vibrant bougainvillea create a picturesque setting.
Best Time to Visit: Spring or early Fall (April to October).

6. Coimbra

Location: 40°12.1′N 8°25.3′W
Description: Home to one of Europe’s oldest universities, Coimbra boasts a rich cultural heritage. The university’s Joanina Library, with its baroque decor, and the historic center are must-sees.
Best Time to Visit: Spring or Fall.

7. Porto

Location: 41°9.3′N 8°36.6′W
Description: Portugal’s second-largest city, Porto, is famous for its port wine and historic center, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Ribeira district, with its narrow streets and colorful houses, and the imposing Dom Luís I Bridge are highlights.
Best Time to Visit: Spring or Fall.

8. Douro Valley

Location: 41°10.2′N 7°42.1′W
Description: The Douro Valley is renowned for its terraced vineyards producing port wine. A UNESCO World Heritage Site, the valley offers stunning landscapes, wine tasting tours, and scenic river cruises.
Best Time to Visit: Late Spring to early Fall (May to September).

9. Guimarães

Location: 41°26.2′N 8°17.6′W
Description: Known as the “birthplace of Portugal,” Guimarães’ historic center is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Key attractions include the medieval Guimarães Castle and the Dukes of Braganza Palace.
Best Time to Visit: Spring or Fall.

10. Braga

Location: 41°32.1′N 8°25.3′W
Description: One of Portugal’s oldest cities, Braga is known for its religious heritage, including the impressive Bom Jesus do Monte sanctuary with its baroque stairway. The historic center is filled with beautiful churches and gardens.
Best Time to Visit: Spring or Fall.

11. Évora

Location: 38°34.9′N 7°54.6′W
Description: A UNESCO World Heritage Site, Évora is famed for its well-preserved Roman Temple, medieval cathedral, and the Chapel of Bones. The city’s historic center is a treasure trove of architectural wonders.
Best Time to Visit: Spring or Fall.

12. Monsaraz

Location: 38°26.2′N 7°22.3′W
Description: A picturesque hilltop village, Monsaraz offers stunning views of the Alqueva Reservoir. Its narrow cobbled streets, whitewashed houses, and medieval castle make it a charming destination.
Best Time to Visit: Spring or early Fall.

13. Marvão

Location: 39°23.9′N 7°22.6′W
Description: Perched on a granite crag, Marvão is a beautifully preserved medieval village. Its castle offers panoramic views of the surrounding landscape, and the narrow streets are lined with traditional houses.
Best Time to Visit: Spring or Fall.

14. Tomar

Location: 39°36.1′N 8°24.3′W
Description: Home to the Convent of Christ, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Tomar is rich in Templar history. The convent’s Manueline architecture and the town’s charming streets are major attractions.
Best Time to Visit: Spring or Fall.

15. Batalha Monastery (Mosteiro da Batalha)

Location: 39°39.2′N 8°49.3′W
Description: This Gothic masterpiece, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, was built to commemorate the 1385 Battle of Aljubarrota. Its intricate façade and stunning stained glass windows are highlights.
Best Time to Visit: Spring or Fall.

16. Fátima

Location: 39°37.2′N 8°40.3′W
Description: One of the most important Catholic pilgrimage sites, Fátima is known for the Sanctuary of Our Lady of Fátima, where apparitions of the Virgin Mary were reported in 1917.
Best Time to Visit: May (for the major pilgrimages) or Fall.

17. Aveiro

Location: 40°38.9′N 8°39.4′W
Description: Known as the “Venice of Portugal,” Aveiro is famous for its canals, colorful moliceiro boats, and Art Nouveau architecture. The salt pans and beautiful beaches nearby add to its charm.
Best Time to Visit: Spring or Summer.

18. Nazaré

Location: 39°36.5′N 9°4.1′W
Description: A picturesque fishing village, Nazaré is renowned for its massive waves, making it a hotspot for surfers. The cliffside Sítio offers breathtaking views over the Atlantic Ocean.
Best Time to Visit: Fall to Winter (for surfing) or Summer (for beach activities).

19. Serra da Estrela

Location: 40°19.8′N 7°36.4′W
Description: Portugal’s highest mountain range, Serra da Estrela, offers stunning landscapes, hiking trails, and winter sports. The region is also known for its unique cheese, Queijo da Serra.
Best Time to Visit: Winter (for skiing) or Summer (for hiking).

20. Pico Island (Azores)

Location: 38°28.0′N 28°24.1′W
Description: Home to Portugal’s highest peak, Mount Pico, this island is part of the Azores archipelago. Its volcanic landscape, vineyards, and whale-watching opportunities make it a unique destination.
Best Time to Visit: Summer (June to August).

21. Madeira Island

Location: 32°39.5′N 16°54.5′W
Description: Known as the “Pearl of the Atlantic,” Madeira is famed for its lush landscapes, levada walks, and vibrant festivals. The Laurisilva forest is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Best Time to Visit: Spring or early Summer.

22. Sagres

Location: 37°0.9′N 8°56.4′W
Description: Located at the southwestern tip of Portugal, Sagres is known for its dramatic cliffs, historic fortress, and stunning beaches. It’s also a popular spot for surfing and bird watching.
Best Time to Visit: Spring or early Fall.

23. Lagos

Location: 37°6.9′N 8°40.3′W
Description: This historic town in the Algarve boasts beautiful beaches, dramatic cliffs, and a charming old town. Key attractions include Ponta da Piedade and the historic city walls.
Best Time to Visit: Summer or early Fall.

24. Ria Formosa Natural Park

Location: 37°0.2′N 7°58.3′W
Description: This protected lagoon system in the Algarve is a haven for birdlife and offers stunning coastal scenery. Visitors can explore its islands, salt pans, and diverse ecosystems.
Best Time to Visit: Spring or early Fall.

25. Tavira

Location: 37°7.1′N 7°39.4′W
Description: A picturesque town in the Algarve, Tavira is known for its Roman bridge, Moorish architecture, and beautiful beaches. The town is split by the Gilão River, adding to its charm.
Best Time to Visit: Spring or early Fall.

26. Elvas

Location: 38°52.4′N 7°9.2′W
Description: A UNESCO World Heritage Site, Elvas is known for its impressive star-shaped fortifications. The Amoreira Aqueduct and historic center are key attractions.
Best Time to Visit: Spring or Fall.

27. Viana do Castelo

Location: 41°41.1′N 8°50.3′W
Description: This coastal city is famous for its beautiful beaches, historic architecture, and the Santa Luzia Basilica, which offers stunning views over the region.
Best Time to Visit: Summer or early Fall.

28. Vila Nova de Gaia

Location: 41°8.6′N 8°37.2′W
Description: Located across the Douro River from Porto, Vila Nova de Gaia is famous for its port wine cellars. Visitors can enjoy wine tastings and scenic views of Porto’s skyline.
Best Time to Visit: Spring or Fall.

29. Lisbon

Location: 38°42.6′N 9°8.3′W
Description: Portugal’s vibrant capital is known for its historic neighborhoods, such as Alfama and Bairro Alto, the iconic Belém Tower, and the stunning Jerónimos Monastery.
Best Time to Visit: Spring or Fall.

30. Cascais

Location: 38°41.1′N 9°25.7′W
Description: A charming coastal town, Cascais is known for its beautiful beaches, historic center, and scenic promenade. The nearby Sintra-Cascais Natural Park offers additional attractions.
Best Time to Visit: Summer or early Fall.

31. Aveiro Lagoon

Location: 40°38.9′N 8°39.4′W
Description: This coastal lagoon is known for its picturesque canals, traditional fishing boats, and vibrant birdlife. Visitors can enjoy boat tours and explore the surrounding natural beauty.
Best Time to Visit: Spring or Summer.

32. Peneda-Gerês National Park

Location: 41°48.9′N 8°8.3′W
Description: Portugal’s only national park, Peneda-Gerês offers stunning landscapes, hiking trails, and diverse wildlife. The park is also home to traditional villages and ancient ruins.
Best Time to Visit: Spring or Summer.

33. Azores Archipelago

Location: 37°44.1′N 25°40.9′W
Description: This group of volcanic islands in the Atlantic Ocean is known for its stunning landscapes, hot springs, and unique flora and fauna. Key islands include São Miguel, Terceira, and Pico.
Best Time to Visit: Summer.

34. Lisbon Oceanarium

Location: 38°45.8′N 9°5.8′W
Description: One of the largest aquariums in Europe, the Lisbon Oceanarium is located in the Parque das Nações. It showcases diverse marine life from around the world and promotes ocean conservation.
Best Time to Visit: Year-round.

35. Santarém

Location: 39°14.1′N 8°41.2′W
Description: Known for its Gothic architecture, Santarém is home to beautiful churches, such as the Church of São João de Alporão, and offers stunning views over the Tagus River.
Best Time to Visit: Spring or Fall.

36. Setúbal

Location: 38°31.6′N 8°53.8′W
Description: A coastal city known for its beautiful beaches, delicious seafood, and the nearby Arrábida Natural Park. The Troia Peninsula and the Sado River estuary, home to bottlenose dolphins, are also key attractions.
Best Time to Visit: Summer or early Fall.

SERVICES IN PORTUGAL

1. Marina de Cascais

Location: 38°41.1′N 9°25.7′W
Services: Full-service marina with boatyard, maintenance, repair, and refueling services.
Contact:

2. Lisnave – Estaleiros Navais de Setúbal

Location: 38°29.0′N 8°50.8′W
Services: One of Portugal’s largest shipyards, offering extensive repair, maintenance, and dry-docking services for all types of vessels.
Contact:

3. Sopromar Centro Náutico de Lagos

Location: 37°6.6′N 8°40.4′W
Services: Comprehensive boatyard services including repairs, maintenance, storage, and chandlery.
Contact:

4. Marina de Vilamoura

Location: 37°4.2′N 8°7.5′W
Services: Full-service marina with boatyard, maintenance, repair services, and extensive amenities.
Contact:

5. Nautiber – Estaleiros Navais do Guadiana

Location: 37°11.8′N 7°24.6′W
Services: Boatbuilding, repair, and maintenance services for a variety of vessels, including fishing boats and yachts.
Contact:

6. Porto Recreio de Oeiras

Location: 38°41.0′N 9°19.8′W
Services: Marina with boatyard services including maintenance, repairs, and winter storage.
Contact:

7. Marina de Portimão

Location: 37°7.8′N 8°31.8′W
Services: Full-service marina offering boatyard services, repairs, maintenance, and winter storage.
Contact:

8. Douro Marina

Location: 41°8.8′N 8°38.3′W
Services: Marina offering a range of services including boatyard, maintenance, and repair services.
Contact:

9. Marina de Viana do Castelo

Location: 41°41.1′N 8°50.3′W
Services: Marina providing boatyard services, including repairs and maintenance.
Contact:

10. Marina de Aveiro

Location: 40°38.9′N 8°39.4′W
Services: Marina offering boatyard services, repairs, and maintenance.
Contact:

These marine service providers and boatyards in Portugal offer a range of services to meet the needs of sailors, from routine maintenance to extensive repairs.